Umsunguli webhodi lesifunda elinyathelisiwe kwakunguPaul Eisler wase-Austria, owalisebenzisa emsakazweni ngo-1936. Ngo-1943, abantu baseMelika basebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe kakhulu emisakazweni yezempi. Ngo-1948, i-United States yabona ngokusemthethweni ukusungulwa kokusetshenziswa kwezentengiso. NgoJuni 21, 1950, uPaul Eisler wathola ilungelo lobunikazi lokusungulwa kwebhodi lesifunda, futhi sekuyiminyaka eyi-60 impela kusukela lapho.
Lo muntu obizwa ngokuthi “uyise wamabhodi esekethe” unokuhlangenwe nakho okuningi empilweni, kodwa akavamile ukwaziwa ngabakhiqizi bebhodi lesifunda le-PCB.
Izimpumputhe eziyi-12 ezingcwatshwe ngebhodi lesifunda le-PCB / ibhodi lesifunda
Eqinisweni, indaba yokuphila ka-Eisler, njengoba ichazwe encwadini yakhe yokuphila, Impilo Yami Neziyingi Eziphrintiwe, ifana nenoveli eyimfihlakalo egcwele ukushushiswa.
U-Eisler wazalelwa e-Austria ngo-1907 futhi waphothula iziqu zobunjiniyela e-University of Vienna ngo-1930. Kakade ngaleso sikhathi wayebonisa isipho sokuba umsunguli. Nokho, umgomo wakhe wokuqala wawuwukuthola umsebenzi ezweni elingelona amaNazi. Kodwa izimo zesikhathi sakhe zenza ukuthi unjiniyela ongumJuda abaleke e-Austria ngawo-1930, ngakho ngo-1934 wathola umsebenzi eBelgrade, eSerbia, eklama uhlelo lwe-elekthronikhi lwezitimela olwaluzovumela abagibeli ukuba baqophe amarekhodi abantu ngama-earphone, njenge-iPod. Kodwa-ke, ekupheleni komsebenzi, iklayenti lihlinzeka ngokudla, hhayi imali. Ngakho-ke, kwadingeka abuyele ezweni lakubo e-Austria.
Emuva e-Austria, u-Eisler wanikela emaphephandabeni, wasungula umagazini womsakazo, futhi waqala ukufunda izindlela zokunyathelisa. Ukuphrinta kwakuwubuchwepheshe obunamandla ngeminyaka yawo-1930, futhi waqala ukucabanga ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta bungasetshenziswa kanjani kumasekhethi afaka ama-substrates afakwa ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi.
Ngo-1936, wanquma ukuhamba e-Austria. Wamenywa ukuthi azosebenza eNgilandi ngesisekelo samalungelo obunikazi amabili ayesewafakile: elokuqopha isithombe esinesithombe kanye nelinye elomabonakude we-stereoscopic onemigqa eqondile yokuxazulula.
Ilungelo lakhe lobunikazi likamabonakude lidayiswe ngama-franc angu-250, ayenele ukuhlala efulethini lase-Hampstead isikhashana, okwakuyinto enhle ngoba wayengawutholi umsebenzi e-London. Enye inkampani yocingo yawuthanda ngempela umbono wakhe webhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe—lingase lisuse izinyanda zezintambo ezisetshenziswa kulezo zinhlelo zocingo.
Ngenxa yokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe II, u-Eisler waqala ukuthola izindlela zokukhipha umkhaya wakhe e-Austria. Lapho impi iqala, udadewabo wazibulala futhi wavalelwa amaNgisi njengowokufika ongekho emthethweni. Ngisho noma evalelwe, u-Eisler wayesacabanga ukuthi angawusiza kanjani umzamo wempi.
Ngemuva kokukhululwa kwakhe, u-Eisler wasebenzela inkampani ephrinta umculo iHenderson & Spalding. Ekuqaleni, umgomo wakhe kwakuwukwenza umshini wokubhala womculo oyingcaca wenkampani uphelele, hhayi elabhorethri kodwa esakhiweni esiqhunyiswe ngamabhomu. Umphathi wenkampani u-HV Strong waphoqa u-Eisler ukuthi asayine wonke amalungelo obunikazi avele ocwaningweni. Lesi akusona esokuqala, noma esokugcina, isikhathi u-Eisler asetshenziswe ngaso.
Enye yezinkinga ngokusebenza kwezempi ukuthi ungubani: usanda kukhululwa. Kodwa waqhubeka waya kosonkontileka bezempi ukuze baxoxe ngokuthi izifunda zakhe ezinyathelisiwe zingasetshenziswa kanjani empini.
Ngomsebenzi wakhe kwa-Henderson & Spalding, u-Eisler wathuthukisa umqondo wokusebenzisa ama-foil aqoshiwe ukurekhoda imikhondo kuma-substrates. Ibhodi lakhe lokuqala lesifunda lalibukeka njengepuleti le-spaghetti. Wafaka ilungelo lobunikazi ngo-1943.
Ekuqaleni akekho owayenake ngempela lokhu okusunguliwe kwaze kwasetshenziswa ekuqhumeni kwamagobolondo ezikhali ukuze adubule amabhomu e-V-1buzz. Ngemva kwalokho, u-Eisler waba nomsebenzi kanye nodumo oluncane. Ngemva kwempi, ubuchwepheshe basakazwa. I-United States yabeka ngo-1948 ukuthi zonke izinsimbi ezisetshenziswa emoyeni kufanele zinyatheliswe.
Ilungelo lobunikazi lika-Eisler lango-1943 lagcina lihlukaniswe laba ngamalungelo obunikazi amathathu ahlukene: 639111 (amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe anezinhlangothi ezintathu), 639178 (ubuchwepheshe be-foil bamasekethe aphrintiwe), kanye no-639179 (ukuphrinta kwempuphu). Amalungelo obunikazi amathathu akhishwa ngoJuni 21, 1950, kodwa yizinkampani ezimbalwa kuphela ezanikezwa amalungelo obunikazi.
Ngawo-1950, u-Eisler waphinde waxhashazwa, kulokhu ngesikhathi esebenzela i-UK National Research and Development Corporation. Iqembu empeleni liputshuze amalungelo obunikazi ka-Eisler ase-US. Kodwa waqhubeka nokuhlola nokusungula. Uqhamuke namacebo efoil yebhethri, iphepha lokunamathisela odongeni elishisayo, ohhavini be-pizza, isikhunta sikakhonkolo, amafasitela angemuva acwebezelayo, nokunye. Wazuza impumelelo emkhakheni wezokwelapha futhi washona ngo-1992 enamalungelo obunikazi amaningi ekuphileni kwakhe. Usanda kuklonyeliswa ngendondo yeSilver Institution of Electrical Engineers' Nuffield.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-17-2023