Amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe (ama-PCB) ayingxenye ebalulekile yezinto zikagesi zesimanje, ezisebenza njengomgogodla wezingxenye nokuxhumana okuvumela izinto zikagesi ukuthi zisebenze kahle. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-PCB, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ukwakhiwa kwe-PCB, kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa izigaba eziningi ukusuka ekwakhiweni kokuqala kuya ekuhlanganisweni kokugcina. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizongena ngokujulile enqubweni yokukhiqiza ye-PCB, sihlola isinyathelo ngasinye nokubaluleka kwaso.
1. Idizayini nesakhiwo
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekukhiqizeni i-PCB ukuklama isakhiwo sebhodi. Onjiniyela basebenzisa isofthiwe ye-computer-aid design (CAD) ukuze bakhe imidwebo eyisikimu ebonisa ukuxhumana nezindawo zezingxenye. Isakhiwo sibandakanya ukuthuthukisa ukuma kokulandela umkhondo, amaphedi, kanye ne-vias ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphazamiseka okuncane nokugeleza kwesignali okusebenzayo.
2. Ukukhetha izinto ezibonakalayo
Ukukhetha impahla ye-PCB ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo nokuqina. Izinto ezijwayelekile zifaka i-fiberglass eqinisiwe i-epoxy laminate, evame ukubizwa nge-FR-4. Ungqimba lwethusi ebhodini lesifunda lubalulekile ekuqhubeni ugesi. Ubukhulu kanye nekhwalithi yethusi esetshenzisiwe incike ezidingweni ezithile zesifunda.
3. Lungisa i-substrate
Uma isakhiwo sokuklama sesinqunyiwe futhi izinto zokwakha zikhethiwe, inqubo yokukhiqiza iqala ngokusika i-substrate izilinganiso ezidingekayo. Khona-ke i-substrate ihlanzwa futhi ihlanganiswe ngongqimba lwethusi, okwenza isisekelo sezindlela zokuqhuba.
4. Ukuqopha
Ngemuva kokulungisa i-substrate, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukususa ithusi eliningi ebhodini. Le nqubo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-etching, yenziwa ngokusebenzisa into emelana ne-asidi ebizwa ngokuthi imaski ukuze kuvikelwe imikhondo yethusi efunwayo. Indawo evuliwe ibe isivezwa kusixazululo sokunamathisela, esincibilikisa ithusi elingafunwa, kushiye kuphela indlela yesifunda oyifunayo.
5. Ukubhoboza
Ukubhoboza kuhilela ukudala izimbobo noma i-vias ku-substrate ukuvumela ukubekwa kwengxenye kanye nokuxhumana kukagesi phakathi kwezingqimba ezihlukene zebhodi lesifunda. Imishini yokumba enesivinini esikhulu efakwe izingcezu zokubhoboza ezinembayo ingamshini lezi zimbobo ezincane. Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo yokumba isiqediwe, izimbobo zimbozwa ngezinto eziqhutshwayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumana okufanele.
6. Isicelo semaski sokucwenga kanye ne-solder
Amabhodi abhoboziwe ahlanganiswe nongqimba oluncane lwethusi ukuze aqinise ukuxhumana futhi anikeze ukufinyelela okuphephile ezingxenyeni. Ngemuva kokucwenga, i-mask ye-solder isetshenziswa ukuvikela iminonjana yethusi kusuka ku-oxidation nokuchaza indawo ye-solder. Umbala we-solder mask ngokuvamile uluhlaza, kodwa ungase uhluke ngokusekelwe kokuthandwa komkhiqizi.
7. Ukubekwa kwengxenye
Kulesi sinyathelo, i-PCB ekhiqiziwe ilayishwe izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. Izingxenye zifakwe ngokucophelela kumaphedi okuqinisekisa ukuqondana nokuma okulungile. Inqubo ivamise ukuzenzekela kusetshenziswa imishini yokukhetha nendawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokusebenza kahle.
8. Ukushisela
I-soldering yisinyathelo sokugcina senqubo yokukhiqiza ye-PCB. Kubandakanya izakhi zokushisa namaphedi ukudala uxhumano oluqinile noluthembekile lukagesi. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa umshini we-wave soldering, lapho ibhodi lidluliswa khona ngegagasi le-solder elincibilikisiwe, noma ngamasu okufaka ama-manual ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-PCB iyinqubo ecophelelayo ebandakanya izigaba eziningi zokuguqula umklamo ube ibhodi lesekethe elisebenzayo. Kusukela ekuklanyweni kokuqala kanye nesakhiwo ukuya ekubekweni kwengxenye kanye nokuhlanganisa, isinyathelo ngasinye sinomthelela ekusebenzeni okuphelele nokuthembeka kwe-PCB. Ngokuqonda imininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi yenqubo yokukhiqiza, singabonga intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe eyenze izinto zikagesi zesimanje zaba zincane, zashesha, futhi zasebenza kahle kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-18-2023