Umehluko phakathi kwe-chip nebhodi lesifunda

Umehluko phakathi kwe-chip nebhodi lesifunda:
Ukwakheka kwehlukile: I-Chip: Kuyindlela yokwenza amasekhethi abe mancane (ikakhulukazi afaka amadivaysi e-semiconductor, okuhlanganisa izingxenye ezingenzi lutho, njll.), futhi ngokuvamile akhiqizwa phezu kwamawafa we-semiconductor.Isekhethi Edidiyelwe: Idivaysi encane kagesi noma ingxenye.
Izindlela ezihlukene zokukhiqiza: i-chip: sebenzisa i-crystal silicon wafer eyodwa njengongqimba oluyisisekelo, bese usebenzisa i-photolithography, i-doping, i-CMP nobunye ubuchwepheshe ukwenza izingxenye ezifana nama-MOSFET noma ama-BJT, bese usebenzisa ifilimu elincanyana kanye nobuchwepheshe be-CMP ukwenza izintambo, ukuze ukukhiqizwa kwe-chip kuqediwe.
Isekethe ehlanganisiwe: Ngokusebenzisa inqubo ethile, ama-transistors, ama-resistors, ama-capacitor, ama-inductors nezinye izakhi kanye nezintambo ezidingekayo kusekethe zixhunywa ndawonye, ​​zenziwa kuma-chips amancane noma amaningana e-semiconductor amancane noma ama-dielectric substrates, bese ahlanganiswa ngaphakathi kweshubhu. igobolondo.

ethula:
Ngemuva kokuthi i-transistor isungulwe futhi yakhiqizwa ngobuningi, izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ze-solid-state semiconductor ezifana nama-diode nama-transistors zasetshenziswa kabanzi, esikhundleni somsebenzi nendima yamashubhu e-vacuum kumasekhethi.Maphakathi nasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, inqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-semiconductor yenza amasekethe ahlanganisiwe angenzeka.Sebenzisa izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezihlukene ngokungafani nokuhlanganisa amasekhethi mathupha.
Amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe angahlanganisa inani elikhulu lama-microtransistors abe yi-chip encane, okuyintuthuko enkulu.Ukwenziwa ngobuningi beziyingi ezididiyelwe, ukwethembeka, kanye nendlela yemojuli yokuklama isekethe kuqinisekise ukwamukelwa ngokushesha kwamasekethe ahlanganisiwe ajwayelekile esikhundleni semiklamo esebenzisa ama-transistors ahlukene.
Amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe anezinzuzo ezimbili eziyinhloko ngaphezu kwama-transistors ahlukene: izindleko nokusebenza.Izindleko eziphansi zibangelwa ukuthi i-chip inazo zonke izingxenye zayo eziphrintiwe njengeyunithi nge-photolithography, kunokwenza i-transistor eyodwa kuphela ngesikhathi.
Ukusebenza okuphezulu kubangelwa ukushintsha okusheshayo kwezingxenye kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi ngoba izingxenye zincane futhi zisondelene.Ngo-2006, indawo ye-chip yayisukela kumamilimitha-skwele ambalwa kuya ku-350mm², futhi i-mm² ngayinye ingafinyelela kuma-transistors ayisigidi.