Incazelo yebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe kanye nezigaba zalo

Amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe, aziwa nangokuthiamabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe, bangabahlinzeki bokuxhunywa kukagesi ezingxenyeni ze-elekthronikhi.
Ibhodi lesekhethi eliphrintiwe limelelwa kakhulu yi-“PCB”, kodwa alikwazi ukubizwa nge-“PCB board”.
Idizayini yamabhodi esekethe ephrintiwe iwumklamo wokuhlela;inzuzo eyinhloko yokusebenzisa amabhodi wesifunda ukunciphisa kakhulu amaphutha ezintambo nokuhlanganisa, nokuthuthukisa izinga lokuzenzakalela kanye nezinga lomsebenzi wokukhiqiza.
Amabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe angahlukaniswa abe ngamapulangwe ahlangene, amahlangothi amabili, ungqimba olune, ungqimba oluyisithupha kanye namanye amabhodi wesifunda anezingqimba eziningi ngokwenani lamabhodi wesifunda.
Njengoba ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe lingewona umkhiqizo wokugcina ojwayelekile, incazelo yegama idida kancane.Isibonelo, i-motherboard yamakhompyutha womuntu siqu ibizwa ngokuthi i-motherboard, kodwa hhayi ngokuqondile ngokuthi ibhodi lesifunda.Nakuba kukhona amabhodi wesifunda ku-motherboard, kodwa Azifani, ngakho-ke lezi zibili zihlobene kodwa azikwazi ukusho ukuthi ziyafana lapho kuhlolwa imboni.Esinye isibonelo: ngenxa yokuthi kunezingxenye zesifunda ezihlanganisiwe ezilayishwe ebhodini lesifunda, imidiya yezindaba ibiza ngokuthi ibhodi le-IC, kodwa empeleni ayifani nebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe.Uma sivame ukukhuluma ngebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe, sisho ibhodi elingenalutho - okungukuthi, ibhodi lesifunda elingenazo izingxenye kulo.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe

iphaneli eyodwa
Ku-PCB eyisisekelo kakhulu, izingxenye zigxilwe ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi izintambo zigxilwe ngakolunye uhlangothi.Ngenxa yokuthi izintambo zivela ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela, lolu hlobo lwe-PCB lubizwa ngokuthi i-single-side (Single-side).Ngenxa yokuthi amabhodi anohlangothi olulodwa anezingqinamba eziningi eziqinile ekuklanyeni izintambo (ngoba kukhona uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela, izintambo azikwazi ukuwela futhi kufanele zihambe ngezindlela ezihlukene), yizifunda zakuqala kuphela ezazisebenzisa lolu hlobo lwebhodi.

Iphaneli ephindwe kabili
Leli bhodi lesifunda linezintambo ezinhlangothini zombili, kodwa ukusebenzisa izinhlangothi zombili zocingo, kufanele kube nokuxhumana kwesifunda okufanele phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili."Amabhuloho" anjalo phakathi kwamasekethe abizwa ngokuthi i-vias.I-Vias yizimbobo ezincane ku-PCB, ezigcwele noma ezipendwe ngensimbi, ezingaxhunywa ezintanjeni nhlangothi zombili.Ngenxa yokuthi indawo yebhodi enezinhlangothi ezimbili inkulu ngokuphindwe kabili kunebhodi elinohlangothi olulodwa, ibhodi elinezinhlangothi ezimbili lixazulula ubunzima bokuxhumanisa izintambo ebhodini elihlangothini olulodwa (lingadluliselwa kwelinye. side ngokusebenzisa imbobo), futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kumasekethe ayinkimbinkimbi kunebhodi elinohlangothi olulodwa.

Ibhodi le-Multilayer
Ukuze kwandiswe indawo engaba nezintambo, amabhodi ezintambo amaningi angashadile noma amabili asetshenziselwa amabhodi amaningi.Ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe elinesendlalelo sangaphakathi esinezinhlangothi ezimbili, izendlalelo zangaphandle ezimbili ezinohlangothi olulodwa, noma izendlalelo zangaphakathi ezinohlangothi olukabili kanye nezendlalelo zangaphandle ezinohlangothi olulodwa, ezishintshaniswa ndawonye ngesistimu yokuma nezinto zokubopha ezivikelayo, namaphethini okuqhuba.Amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe axhumene ngokwezidingo zokuklama aba amabhodi esekethe anezendlalelo ezine nezendlalelo eziyisithupha, aziwa nangokuthi amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe anezendlalelo eziningi.Inani lezendlalelo zebhodi alisho ukuthi kunezingqimba zezintambo eziningana ezizimele.Ezimweni ezikhethekile, ungqimba olungenalutho luzongezwa ukulawula ubukhulu bebhodi.Ngokuvamile, inani lezendlalelo lilingana futhi lihlanganisa izingqimba ezimbili ezingaphandle kakhulu.Amabhodi omama amaningi ayizingqimba ezi-4 kuye kweziyi-8 zesakhiwo, kodwa ngokobuchwepheshe angakwazi ukufeza izendlalelo ezicishe zibe yi-100 ze-PCB.Amakhompiyutha amakhulu amaningi asebenzisa amabhodi omama anezendlalelo eziningi ngokufanelekile, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi amakhompyutha anjalo angathathelwa indawo amaqoqo amakhompyutha amaningi avamile, amabhodi anezingqimba eziningi aye aphelelwa amandla kancane kancane.Ngenxa yokuthi izendlalelo ku-PCB zihlanganiswe ngokuqinile, ngokuvamile akulula ukubona inombolo yangempela, kodwa uma ubhekisisa ibhodi lomama, usengayibona.