Njengezinye izinto eziningi ezinhle eziqanjiwe kuwo wonke umlando, iibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe (PCB)njengoba sazi namuhla kusekelwe enqubekelaphambili eyenziwe kuwo wonke umlando.Ekhoneni lethu elincane lomhlaba, singakwazi ukulandelela umlando wama-PCB emuva eminyakeni engaphezu kwe-130, lapho imishini yezimboni emikhulu yomhlaba yayisanda kuqala.Esizokusho kule bhulogi akuwona umlando ophelele, kodwa izikhathi ezibalulekile ezaguqula i-PCB yaba yilokho eyikho namuhla.
Kungani i-PCB?
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-PCB aguquke aba ithuluzi lokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo kagesi.Okwake kwaba lula ukukuhlanganisa ngesandla ngokushesha kwashintsha izingxenye ezincane ezidinga ukunemba nokusebenza kahle komshini.Thatha amabhodi amabili aboniswe emfanekisweni ongezansi njengesibonelo.Elinye ibhodi elidala lango-1960 lama-calculator.Enye ibhodi lomama elivamile ozolibona kumakhompyutha anamuhla.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-PCB phakathi kwesibali sango-1968 namabhodi omama anamuhla.
Kumshini wokubala singase sibe nama-transistors angu-30+, kodwa ku-chip eyodwa ebhodini lomama uzothola ama-transistors angaphezu kwesigidi.Iphuzu liwukuthi, izinga lokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye ne-PCB design ngokwayo liyamangalisa.Yonke into eku-PCB yesibali manje ingangena ku-chip eyodwa kumiklamo yanamuhla.Lokhu kudonsela ukunaka kwemikhuba eminingana ephawulekayo ekukhiqizeni i-PCB:
Sihlanganisa ukusebenza okwengeziwe kumadivayisi athuthukile njengamasekhethi ahlanganisiwe (ama-IC) nama-microprocessors.
Sehlisa izingxenye zokungenzi lutho ezifana nezimbangi nama-capacitor kuze kufike ezingeni le-microscopic.
Konke lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kokuminyana kwezakhi nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kumabhodi wethu wesifunda.
Konke lokhu kuthuthuka kuqhutshwa ngokuyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa kwejubane nokusebenza kwemikhiqizo yethu.Silindele ukuthi amadivayisi ethu aphendule ngokushesha, ngisho namasekhondi ambalwa okulibaziseka angasifaka esiphithiphithini.Ukuze usebenze, cabangela imidlalo yevidiyo.Emuva ngeminyaka yama-80s, kungenzeka ukuthi udlale i-Pac-Man ku-arcade.Manje sibona izethulo ze-photoreal zangempela.Intuthuko iyasangana.
Okubukwayo kwegeyimu yevidiyo cishe kufana nempilo kulezi zinsuku.
Kuyacaca ukuthi ama-PCB avele ephendula ngokuqondile kulokho esikulindele kumadivayisi ethu.Sidinga imikhiqizo esheshayo, eshibhile, enamandla kakhulu, futhi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo ukwenza kube mncane nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokukhiqiza.Kuqale nini lokhu kukhula kwe-electronics nama-PCB?Ekuqaleni kweNkathi Yokuphila.
Iminyaka yobudala (1879 - 1900)
Sayiqeda iMpi Yombango YaseMelika ngeminyaka yama-60s, futhi manje ukukhiqizwa kweMelika kuyadlondlobala.Okwamanje, senza esingakwenza, kusukela ekudleni kuya ezingutsheni, ifenisha kanye nezinsimbi.Imboni yezokuthutha iyahlasela, futhi onjiniyela bethu abakhulu bacabanga ukuthi bangamthola kanjani umuntu ogwini olusempumalanga ye-US ukuya ogwini olusentshonalanga ezinsukwini ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-7 esikhundleni sezinyanga ezi-5 kuye kweziyi-7.
Ojantshi besitimela benza uhambo olusuka ogwini luye ogwini luthathe izinsuku esikhundleni sezinyanga.
Ngalesi sikhathi, sasiletha nogesi ekhaya, okokuqala emadolobheni nasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya.Ugesi usuthatha indawo yamalahle, izinkuni namafutha.Cabanga ngokuhlala eNew York phakathi nobusika obushubile, uzama ukupheka noma ukuzifudumeza ngamalahle angcolile noma inqwaba yezinkuni.Ugesi wakushintsha konke lokho.
Iphuzu elithakazelisayo ukuthi i-Standard Oil, elawula imakethe kawoyela, ayinikezi uwoyela kaphethiloli.Imakethe yabo ngamafutha okupheka, ukuthosa nokukhanyisa.Ngokufika kukagesi, i-Standard Oil yayidinga ukuchaza ukusetshenziswa okusha kukawoyela, okuzofika nokwethulwa kwemoto.
Ngo-May 1878, i-Standard Oil Company yakhipha isitoko, futhi kwaqala ukubusa uwoyela.
Phakathi neNkathi Evunyiwe sabona okunye okutholakele okuhle ku-electromagnetism.Sasungula injini kagesi, eguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla emishini.Siphinde sibone amajeneretha, enza okuphambene ngokuguqula amandla emishini abe amandla kagesi.
Kuphinde kwaba yisikhathi sabaqambi abahlakaniphile abasesenomthelela emhlabeni wethu we-elekthronikhi namuhla, okuhlanganisa:
UThomas Edison wasungula isibani ngo-1879, ifilimu ngo-1889, nezinye izinto eziningi ezintsha.
U-Nikola Tesla wasungula injini kagesi ngo-1888 kanye nomthombo wamandla we-AC ngo-1895.
U-Alexander Graham Bell wasungula ucingo ngo-1876.
I-Kodak kaGeorge Eastman yasungula ikhamera yokuqala yomthengi ngo-1884.
U-Herman Hollerith wasungula umshini wokubhala amathebula ngo-1890 futhi waqhubeka nokuthola i-IBM.
Ngalesi sikhathi esishubile sokuqamba izinto ezintsha, enye yezingxabano ezinkulu yileyo phakathi kwe-AC ne-DC.I-alternating current kaTesla yagcina isiyindlela ekahle yokudlulisa amandla ebangeni elide.Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, nokho, sisabhekene nokuguqulwa kwe-AC-DC namuhla.
Kungenzeka ukuthi i-AC iyinqobile impi, kodwa i-DC isabusa izinto zikagesi.
Bheka noma iyiphi idivayisi kagesi oyixhume odongeni, udinga ukuguqula i-AC ibe yi-DC.Noma, uma ubheka ingqalasizinda edingekayo kumaphaneli elanga, akhiqiza ugesi ku-DC, okufanele uguqulwe ubuyiselwe ku-AC njengomthombo wamandla, bese ubuyela ku-DC ukuze imishini yethu isetshenziswe.Ungacishe uthi inkulumo-mpikiswano ye-AC-DC ayizange iphele, ibhalansi yayisanda kutholana phakathi kwemibono emibili ephikisanayo.
Kuningi ukubuyela emuva naphambili phakathi kwe-AC ne-DC kuphaneli yelanga.
Qaphela ukuthi umbono wangempela we-PCB awusungulwanga ngeNkathi Ethinjiwe.Nokho, ngaphandle kwamakhono okukhiqiza alenkathi, kanye nethonya elisakazekile likagesi, ama-PCB awasoze abe yilokhu ayikhona namuhla.
I-Progressive Era (1890 - 1920)
I-Progressive Era imakwe yinkathi yezinguquko kumphakathi, nomthetho ofana ne-Sherman Antitrust Act ephula ukuzimela kwe-Standard Oil.Yilapho futhi sibona amalungelo obunikazi okuqala e-PCB.Ngo-1903, umsunguli waseJalimane u-Albert Hanson wafaka isicelo selungelo lobunikazi laseBrithani ngomshini ochazwa njengekhondatha ye-foil eyisicaba ebhodini le-multilayer insulating.Uzwakala ujwayelekile?
Umdwebo obonisa ilungelo lobunikazi lokuqala le-PCB lika-Albert Hanson.
U-Hansen uphinde achaze umqondo wokusebenzisa i- through-hole kulungelo lakhe lobunikazi.Lapha ubonisa ukuthi ungakwazi ukubhoboza imbobo ngezingqimba ezimbili ngemigqa eqondile ukuze wenze uxhumano lukagesi.
Ngalesi sikhathi, saqala ukubona u-Edison nabanye abaholi bebhizinisi benza i-push enkulu yokuletha amadivaysi kagesi ezindlini zansuku zonke.Inkinga ngalokhu kucindezela ukuntula ngokuphelele kokujwayelekile.Uma ubuhlala eNew York noma eNew Jersey futhi usebenzisa ugesi osungulwe u-Edison ekukhanyiseni, ekushisiseni noma ekuphekeni, bekungenzekani uma ubuwusebenzisa kwelinye idolobha?Azinakusetshenziswa ngoba idolobha ngalinye linesokhethi yalo yokucushwa.
Inkinga yaphinde yenziwa ukuthi u-Edison ubengafuni nje ukudayisela abantu isibani, ubefuna nokudayisa isevisi.U-Edison angakunikeza isevisi kagesi nyanga zonke;khona-ke uzothenga amalambu, izinto zikagesi, njll. Yebo, ayikho kulezi zinsizakalo ehambisana nezinye izindlela ezincintisanayo.
Sifuna ukubonga u-Harvey Hubbel ngokugcina eqede le nxushunxushu.Ngo-1915, wanikeza ilungelo lobunikazi ipulaki yesokhethi evamile esasetshenziswa nanamuhla.Manje asinaso i-toaster noma ipuleti elishisayo elixhunywe esokhethi yesibani.Lokhu ukuwina okukhulu kokumiswa kwemboni.
Siyabonga ku-Harvey Hubbel, manje sesinodonga olujwayelekile lwazo zonke izisetshenziswa zikagesi.
Njengenothi lokugcina, i-Progressive Era yaphawulwa ngeMpi Yezwe I. Lokhu kungqubuzana kugxile kuphela emandleni nasezimpini zemisele.Umqondo we-PCB, noma i-elekthronikhi eyisisekelo, awukasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zezempi okwamanje, kodwa uzosetshenziswa maduze.
Iminyaka Yamashumi amabili (1920s)
Lapho kuphela iMpi Yezwe I, manje siseminyakeni Yamashumi Amabili Ebhongayo, eyaba nentuthuko enkulu emnothweni waseMelika.Ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni, abantu abaningi bahlala emadolobheni kunasemapulazini.Futhi siyaqala ukubona amaketango nemikhiqizo yethulwa kulo lonke elase-US.Ungase ube nesitolo somndeni noma ezimbili emadolobheni amabili ahlukene, kodwa manje sesinemikhiqizo emikhulu nezitolo eziya ezweni lonke.
Ukusungulwa okukhulu kwalesi sikhathi kwakuyimoto kaHenry Ford kanye nengqalasizinda eyayiyidinga.Isimo siyefana neminyaka yawo-1990, lapho kwakudingeka sakhe ingqalasizinda enkulu ukubhekana ne-inthanethi kanye neminyaka yethu yolwazi ngokwakha amaswishi, amarutha, nezintambo ze-fiber optic.Izimoto azihlukile.
Imoto yokuqala kaHenry Ford - enamasondo amane.
Lapha sibona okwakungumgwaqo owubhuqu ogandaywayo.Abantu babedinga uphethiloli ukuze izimoto zabo zisebenze, yingakho kwadingeka amagalaji.Uphinde ube nezitolo zokulungisa izinto, izesekeli nokunye.Yonke indlela yokuphila yabantu abaningi yaqala ekusungulweni kwezimoto, futhi kusenjalo nanamuhla.
Kungalesi sikhathi futhi lapho sabona khona kwethulwa izinto zesimanje esisathembele kuzo nanamuhla njengemishini yokuwasha, ivacuum cleaner namafriji.Ngokokuqala ngqa, abantu bazokwazi ukuthenga izinto ezibolayo ezitolo bazigcine isikhathi eside.
Kodwa aphi ama-PCB ethu?Asikaziboni zisetshenziswa kunoma yiziphi izinto zikagesi noma ezimotweni ezethulwe ngalesi sikhathi.Kodwa-ke, ngo-1925, u-Charles Ducasse wafaka ilungelo lobunikazi elichaza inqubo yokwengeza u-inki osebenzayo ezintweni zokuvikela.Lokhu kuzoholela kamuva ebhodini lezintambo eliphrintiwe (PWB).Le patent iwuhlelo lokusebenza lokuqala olusebenzayo olufana ne-PCB, kodwa njengekhoyili yokushisisa eplani.Asikakutholi ukuxhunywa kukagesi kwangempela phakathi kwebhodi nezingxenye, kodwa siyasondela.
I-PCB yaqhubeka nokuvela, kulokhu isetshenziswa njengekhoyili yokushisisa kaCharles Ducas.
Ukucindezeleka Okukhulu (1930s)
Ngo-1929, imakethe yamasheya yawohloka, futhi zonke izinto ezintsha ezinhle zesikhathi sethu zehla.Lapha sibona inkathi yokuntuleka kwemisebenzi engaphezu kuka-25%, ukwehluleka kwamabhange angu-25,000, kanye nezinkinga eziningi emhlabeni jikelele.Kwakuyisikhathi esibuhlungu ngesintu sisonke, sivula indlela yokuvela kukaHitler, uMussolini, uStalin, nezingxabano zethu zomhlaba zesikhathi esizayo.Ama-PCB kungenzeka abethule kuze kube manje, kodwa konke lokho sekuzoshintsha.
Ukuwohloka Okukhulu Kwezomnotho kwathinta wonke umuntu, kusukela emabhange kuya kubasebenzi abavamile.
IMpi Yezwe II (1939 - 1945)
IMpi Yezwe II yayiqhubeka, futhi i-United States yangenela impi ngemva kokuqhunyiswa kwebhomu ePearl Harbor ngo-1942. Okuthakazelisayo ngePearl Harbor ukwehluleka konke kokuxhumana okwaholela ekuhlaselweni.I-US yayinobufakazi obuhle benhlekelele eyayiseduze, kodwa zonke izindlela zokuxhumana nesizinda sabo sezempi e-Honolulu azizange ziphumelele, futhi isiqhingi sabanjwa singalindele.
Ngenxa yalokhu kwehluleka, i-DoD yabona ukuthi idinga izindlela zokuxhumana ezinokwethenjelwa.Lokhu kwaletha i-electronics phambili njengendlela yokuqala yokuxhumana esikhundleni sekhodi ye-Morse.
Kwaba futhi phakathi neMpi Yezwe II lapho sabona khona ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwama-PCB kumafusi aseduze esinawo namuhla.Idivayisi isetshenziselwa ama-projectiles anesivinini esiphezulu adinga umlilo oqondile webanga elide esibhakabhakeni noma emhlabeni.I-proximity fuze ekuqaleni yathuthukiswa ngabaseBrithani ukulwa nokuqhubekela phambili kwebutho likaHitler.Kamuva yabelwa ne-United States lapho ukuklama nokukhiqiza kwapheleliswa.
Esinye sezicelo zokuqala zamasosha ukusebenzisa ama-PCB kwakuyi-proximity fuse.
Ngalesi sikhathi, sasiphinde sibe no-Paul Eisler, wase-Austrian ohlala e-UK, ogunyazwe ucwecwe lwethusi owenziwe ngethusi endaweni engaphansi yengilazi engaconductive.Uzwakala ujwayelekile?Lona umqondo esisawusebenzisa nanamuhla ukwenza ama-PCB ane-insulation nethusi phezulu/phansi.U-Eisler wathatha lo mbono igxathu elingaphezulu lapho akha umsakazo nge-PCB yakhe ngo-1943, owawuzovula indlela yezicelo zezempi zesikhathi esizayo.
U-Paul Eisler wakha umsakazo ngebhodi lesekethe lokuqala eliphrintiwe (PCB).
Ama-Baby Boomers (1940s)
Njengoba iMpi Yezwe II yayisondela ekupheleni, sabona amasosha ethu efika ekhaya, eqala imikhaya, futhi eba nenqwaba yezingane.Bheka ama-baby boomers.Kungenkathi yangemva kwempi lapho sabona khona ukuthuthuka okukhulu kwemishini ekhona efana nemishini yokuhlanza, imishini yokuwasha, omabonakude kanye nemisakazo.Manje njengoba Ukuwohloka Okukhulu Komnotho kusisemva kwethu, abathengi abaningi ekugcineni bangakwazi ukuthenga lawa madivayisi ezindlini zabo.
Asikakawaboni ama-PCB ebanga labathengi.Iphi imisebenzi kaPaul Eisler?Bheka le TV endala ngezansi futhi uzobona zonke izingxenye, kodwa ngaphandle kwesisekelo se-PCB esiyisisekelo.
I-Motorola TV endala kusukela ngo-1948, ayikho i-PCB.
Naphezu kokuntuleka kwama-PCB, sakubona ukufika kwe-transistor e-Bell Labs ngo-1947. Kwathatha eminye iminyaka eyisithupha ngo-1953 ngaphambi kokuba idivayisi isetshenziswe ekugcineni ekukhiqizeni, kodwa kungani isikhathi eside kangaka?Ngalezo zinsuku, ukwaziswa kwakusatshalaliswa ngomagazini, izingqungquthela, njll. Ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokwaziswa, ukusakazeka kokwaziswa kwakuthatha isikhathi ukusakazeka.
I-transistor yokuqala yazalwa eBell Laboratories ngo-1947.
I-Cold War Era (1947 - 1991)
Ukufika kwenkathi yeMpi Yomshoshaphansi kwaphawula inkathi enkulu yokungezwani phakathi kwe-United States neSoviet Union.Ngenxa yomehluko phakathi kwe-capitalism kanye ne-communism, lezi ziqhwaga ezimbili cishe zilwa zodwa futhi zibeke umhlaba engozini yokuqothulwa kwenyukliya.
Ukuze bahlale bephambili kulo mjaho wezikhali, izinhlangothi zombili kufanele zithuthukise ikhono lazo lokuxhumana ukuze ziqonde ukuthi isitha senzani.Lapha sibona i-PCB isetshenziselwa amandla ayo aphelele.Ngo-1956, i-US Army yashicilela ilungelo lobunikazi "lenqubo yomhlangano wesifunda."Abakhiqizi manje banendlela yokubamba kokubili okogesi nokwenza ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye ezinemikhondo yethusi.
Njengoba ama-PCB eqala ukugqama emhlabeni wokukhiqiza, sazithola sisemjahweni wokuqala womkhathi emhlabeni.I-Russia ibe nezimpumelelo ezimangalisayo ngalesi sikhathi, okuhlanganisa:
1957 Kwethulwa isathelayithi yokuqala yokwenziwa, iSputnik
1959 Kwethulwa i-Luna 2, umkhumbi-mkhathi wokuqala oya eNyangeni
Ngo-1961 u-Yuri Gagarin, i-cosmonaut yokuqala, wathunyelwa ukuzungeza uMhlaba
Isathelayithi yokuqala yokwenziwa yaseRussia, iSputnik, yethulwa ngo-1957.
Iphi iMelika kukho konke lokhu?Ikakhulukazi isalele ngemuva, ngokuvamile kuthatha unyaka noma emibili ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo.Uma sibhekana nalesi sikhala, sibona isabelomali sasemkhathini sase-US sikhula ngokuphindwe kahlanu ngo-1960. Siphinde sibe nenkulumo edumile kaMongameli uKennedy wango-1962, ingxenye yayo okufanele siyicaphune:
“Sikhetha ukuya enyangeni!Sikhetha ukuya enyangeni ukuze senze ezinye izinto kuleli shumi leminyaka, hhayi ngoba zilula, kodwa ngoba zinzima;ngoba lo mgomo uzosiza ukuhlela nokulinganisa amandla namakhono ethu angcono kakhulu, ngenxa yalokhu Izinselele yilokho esizimisele ukukuthwala, lokho esingazimisele ukukuhlehlisa, nalokho esizimisele ukukunqoba.”- UJohn F. Kennedy, uMongameli wase-United States, Septhemba 12, 1962
Konke lokhu kwaholela enkathini eyingqopha-mlando emlandweni.NgoJulayi 20, 1969, indoda yokuqala yaseMelika yafika enyangeni.
Umuntu wokuqala enyangeni, isikhathi esiyingqopha-mlando esintwini.
Ukubuyela emuva kuma-PCB, ngo-1963 saba nelungelo lobunikazi be-Hazeltyne Corporation ubuchwepheshe bokuqala obucwecwe ngembobo.Lokhu kuzovumela izingxenye ukuthi zipakishwe eduze ndawonye ku-PCB ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuxhumanisa.Siphinde sabona kwethulwa i-Surface Mount Technology (SMT), eyakhiwe ngabakwa-IBM.Le mihlangano eminyene yaqala ukubonakala ekusebenzeni ku-booster ye-Saturn rocket.
1967 Ilungelo lobunikazi lokuqala lobuchwepheshe be-PCB.
I-Dawn of the Microprocessor (1970s)
Ama-70s asilethele i-microprocessor yokuqala ngendlela yesekethe edidiyelwe (IC).Lokhu kwaqalwa kwasungulwa nguJack Kilby waseTexas Instruments ngo-1958. U-Kilby wayemusha ku-TI, ngakho-ke imibono yakhe emisha yama-IC yayigcinwe ngaphansi kweso.Kodwa-ke, lapho onjiniyela abakhulu be-TI bethunyelwa emhlanganweni wesonto lonke, u-Kilby wasala futhi wagijima nemibono ekhanda lakhe.Lapha, wakha i-IC yokuqala kumalebhu e-TI, futhi onjiniyela ababuyayo bayithanda.
UJack Kilby ubambe isekethe yokuqala edidiyelwe.
Ngawo-1970s, sabona ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwama-ICs ekwenzeni izinto zikagesi.Kuleli qophelo, uma ungasebenzisi i-PCB ekuxhumekeni kwakho, usenkingeni enkulu.
I-Dawn of the Digital Age (1980s)
Inkathi yedijithali ilethe ushintsho olukhulu emithonjeni yezindaba esiyidlayo, ngokwethulwa kwemishini yomuntu siqu njengamadiski, i-VHS, amakhamera, ama-game consoles, ama-walkman, nokuningi.
Ngo-1980, ikhonsoli yegeyimu yevidiyo ye-Atari yenza amaphupho ezingane afezeke.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ama-PCB ayesadwetshwa ngesandla kusetshenziswa amabhodi alula nama-stencil, kodwa kwase kuvela amakhompyutha kanye ne-EDA.Lapha sibona isofthiwe ye-EDA efana ne-Protel kanye ne-EAGLE yenza izinguquko endleleni esiklama futhi sikhiqize ngayo izinto zikagesi.Esikhundleni sesithombe se-PCB, manje sesingakwazi ukulondoloza umklamo njengefayela lombhalo le-Gerber, izixhumanisi zalo ezingafakwa emshinini wokwenza ukukhiqiza i-PCB.
I-Internet Age (1990s)
Ngama-90s, sabona ukusetshenziswa kwe-silicon kungena ngokugcwele ngokwethulwa kwe-BGA.Manje singakwazi ukufaka amasango engeziwe ku-chip eyodwa futhi siqale ukushumeka inkumbulo namasistimu-on-chip (ama-SoCs) ndawonye.Lesi futhi kwakuyinkathi ye-miniaturization ephezulu yama-electronics.Asibonanga izici ezintsha ezingezwe ku-PCB, kodwa yonke inqubo yokuklama yaqala ukushintsha futhi yavela, yathuthela ku-IC.
Abaklami manje kufanele basebenzise amasu e-design-for-test (DFT) ezakhiweni zabo.Akulula ukukhipha ingxenye bese wengeza umugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Onjiniyela kufanele baklame izakhiwo zabo becabanga ngokusebenza kabusha okuzayo.Ingabe zonke lezi zingxenye zibekwe ngendlela yokuthi zingasuswa kalula?Lokhu kuwukukhathazeka okukhulu.
Kwakuyinkathi futhi lapho amaphakheji amancane afana ne-0402 enza ukugoqa ngesandla kwamabhodi wesekethe cishe akunakwenzeka.Umklami manje uhlala ku-software yakhe ye-EDA futhi umenzi unesibopho sokukhiqiza nokuhlanganisa ngokomzimba.
Izingxenye zokukhweza ngaphezulu ukusuka kwenkulu kuye kwencane kakhulu.
Inkathi ye-Hybrid (2000s nangaphezulu)
Sika enkathini yanamuhla ye-electronics kanye ne-PCB design;lokho esikubiza ngokuthi inkathi exubile.Esikhathini esedlule, besinamadivayisi amaningi ezidingo eziningi.Udinga umshini wokubala;uthenga umshini wokubala.Ufuna ukudlala imidlalo yevidiyo;uthenga ikhonsoli yegeyimu yevidiyo.Manje usungathenga i-smartphone futhi uthole izigaba ezihlukene ezingama-30 zezici ezakhelwe ngaphakathi.Lokhu kungase kubonakale kusobala, kodwa kuyamangaza uma empeleni ubona zonke izinto ezingenziwa ama-smartphones ethu:
ibhuku lamakheli lemishini yokudlala i-e-mail ibhakhodi isithwebuli flashlight bell camera navigation
Isidlali somculo isheduli VCR map Isiphequluli se-inthanethi ikhalenda movie player wokubala
Umshini wokuphendula wamathikithi encwajana yokubhala ngocingo Izincwadi zokubhanga zemiyalezo emifushane
Sisenkathini yokuhlanganiswa kwedivayisi, kodwa yini elandelayo?Ama-PCB ayasungulwa futhi sinezinqubo nezinqubo cishe zayo yonke into.Izicelo zejubane eliphezulu seziyinto evamile.Siyabona futhi ukuthi u-25% kuphela wabaklami be-PCB abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-45, kuyilapho u-75% ulungiselela ukuthatha umhlalaphansi.Imboni ibonakala isesikhathini sobunzima.
Ingabe ikusasa le-PCB design lizoba amarobhothi?Mhlawumbe endaweni egqokekayo ene-flex circuit?Noma singase sibone ama-proton esikhundleni sama-electron afake ama-photonics.Ngokwalokho esikwaziyo ngama-PCB aphathekayo, lokho kungase kushintshe nangokuzayo.Asikho isidingo se-medium ebonakalayo ukunika amandla ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye, kodwa kunalokho amandla obuchwepheshe be-wave.Lokhu kuzovumela izingxenye ukuthi zithumele amasignali ngaphandle kwesidingo sethusi.
Liyoba njani ikusasa?
Akekho owaziyo ngempela ukuthi ikusasa le-PCB design, noma i-electronics ngokuvamile libheke kuphi.Cishe sekuyiminyaka eyi-130 izicubu zethu zokukhiqiza zaqala ukusebenza.Kusukela lapho, umhlaba usushintshe unomphela ngokwethulwa kwemikhiqizo emikhulu njengezimoto, izinto zikagesi, amakhompyutha, ama-smartphone, nokunye.Sezadlula izinsuku lapho sasithembele emalahleni, ezingodweni noma kuwoyela ukuze siphile ngendlela eyisisekelo.Manje sesinamagajethi e-elekthronikhi angafeza izidingo zethu zansuku zonke.
Kodwa liyini ikusasa?Lokhu kuyinto enkulu engaziwa.Sonke siyazi ukuthi yonke into esunguliwe phambi kwethu ime emahlombe abandulele bayo.Okhokho bethu balethe i-PCB design lapho ekhona namuhla, futhi manje sidinga ukusungula izinto ezintsha futhi siguqule indlela esiklama futhi sihlanganyele ngayo nobuchwepheshe.Ikusasa lingaba yinoma yini.Ikusasa lincike kuwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-17-2023