Inkcazo yebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo kunye nokuhlelwa kwayo

Iibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo, ezaziwa ngokubaiibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo, ngababoneleli boqhagamshelo lombane kumalungu e-elektroniki.
Ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo ubukhulu becala imelwe yi "PCB", kodwa ayinakubizwa ngokuba yi "PCB board".
Uyilo lweebhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo ikakhulu uyilo loyilo;inzuzo ephambili yokusebenzisa iibhodi zeesekethe kukunciphisa kakhulu iimpazamo ze-wiring kunye nendibano, kunye nokuphucula inqanaba lokuzenzekelayo kunye nesantya somsebenzi wemveliso.
Iibhodi zeesekethe eziprintiweyo zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amabini, aphindwe kabini, amacandelo amane, amathandathu amathandathu kunye nezinye iibhodi zeesekethe ezininzi ngokwenani leebhodi zesekethe.
Ekubeni ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo ayiyona imveliso yokuphela ngokubanzi, inkcazo yegama iyabhideka kancinane.Ngokomzekelo, i-motherboard yeekhompyutheni zomntu ibizwa ngokuba yi-motherboard, kodwa ayibizwa ngokuthe ngqo ibhodi yesiphaluka.Nangona kukho iibhodi zesekethe kwi-motherboard, kodwa azifani, ngoko ke ezi zimbini zihlobene kodwa azinakuthi zifana xa kuhlolwa ishishini.Omnye umzekelo: kuba kukho iinxalenye zesekethe ezidibeneyo ezilayishwe kwibhodi yesiphaluka, iindaba zeendaba zibiza ibhodi ye-IC, kodwa ngokwenene ayifani nebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo.Xa ngokuqhelekileyo sithetha ngebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo, sithetha ibhodi engenanto - oko kukuthi, ibhodi yesekethe engenawo amacandelo kuyo.

Ukuhlelwa kweebhodi zeesekethe eziprintiweyo

iphaneli enye
Kwi-PCB esisiseko, iindawo zigxininiswe kwelinye icala kwaye iingcingo zigxininiswe kwelinye icala.Ngenxa yokuba iingcingo zivela kwicala elinye kuphela, olu hlobo lwePCB lubizwa ngokuba licala elinye (icala elinye).Ngenxa yokuba iibhodi ezicalanye zinemiqobo emininzi engqongqo ekuyileni iingcingo (kuba kukho icala elinye kuphela, iingcingo azikwazi ukuwela kwaye kufuneka zijikeleze iindlela ezahlukeneyo), kuphela iisekethe zokuqala ezisetyenziswe olu hlobo lwebhodi.

Iphaneli ephindwe kabini
Le bhodi yesiphaluka ine-wiring kumacala omabini, kodwa ukusebenzisa macala omabini ocingo, kufuneka kubekho uxhulumaniso olufanelekileyo lwesekethe phakathi kwamacala amabini."Iibhulorho" ezinjalo phakathi kweesekethe zibizwa ngokuba yi-vias.I-Vias yimingxunya emincinci kwi-PCB, ezaliswe okanye ipeyintwe ngentsimbi, enokuthi idityaniswe neengcingo kumacala omabini.Ngenxa yokuba indawo yebhodi enamacala amabini inkulu ngokuphindwe kabini kunaleyo yebhodi ecalanye, ibhodi enamacala amabini isombulula ubunzima bokudibanisa i-wiring kwibhodi enecala elinye (inokudluliselwa kwelinye. icala ngomngxuma), kwaye ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiisekethe ezintsonkothileyo kunebhodi enecala elinye.

Ibhodi yemultilayer
Ukuze kwandiswe indawo enokuthi ibe neengcingo, iibhodi zocingo ezinecala elinye okanye ezimbini zisetyenziselwa iibhodi ezininzi.Ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo enomaleko wangaphakathi onamacala amabini, iileya ezimbini zangaphandle ezinamacala amabini, okanye iileya zangaphakathi ezinamacala amabini angaphandle kunye nemigangatho emibini yangaphandle enecala elinye, etshintshwe kunye nenkqubo yokubeka kunye nezixhobo zokugquma insulating, kunye neepateni zokuqhuba.Iibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo ezidityanisiweyo ngokweemfuno zoyilo ziba ziibhodi ezine zomaleko kunye neebhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo ezintandathu, ezaziwa ngokuba ziibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo ezininzi.Inani leengqimba zebhodi alithethi ukuba kukho iileya ezininzi ezizimeleyo zocingo.Kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo, umaleko ongenanto uya kongezwa ukulawula ubukhulu bebhodi.Ngokwesiqhelo, inani leeleya lilinganayo kwaye libandakanya iileya ezimbini ezingaphandle.Uninzi lweebhodi ze-motherboard zi-4 ukuya kwi-8 umaleko wolwakhiwo, kodwa ngokobuchwephesha zinokufikelela phantse i-100 umaleko we-PCB.Uninzi lwee-supercomputers ezinkulu zisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo ii-motherboards ezinomaleko amaninzi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ezo khompyuter zinokutshintshwa ngamaqela eekhompyuter ezininzi eziqhelekileyo, iibhodi ezinomaleko obuninzi obuninzi ziye zayeka ukusetyenziswa.Ngenxa yokuba iileya kwi-PCB zidityaniswe ngokuqinileyo, akukho lula ukubona inani lokwenyani, kodwa ukuba ujongisisa kwi-motherboard, usenokuyibona.