Liboto tsa potoloho tse hatisitsoeng (PCBs) ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa sejoale-joale, tse sebetsang e le mokokotlo oa likarolo le likhokahano tse lumellang lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki ho sebetsa hantle. Ho etsa PCB, e tsejoang hape e le PCB fabrication, ke ts'ebetso e rarahaneng e kenyelletsang mekhahlelo e mengata ho tloha ho moralo oa pele ho isa kopanong ea ho qetela. Ka poso ena ea blog, re tla kenella ka botebo ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea PCB, re hlahlobe mohato o mong le o mong le bohlokoa ba ona.
1. Moralo le moralo
Mohato oa pele oa ho etsa PCB ke ho rala sebopeho sa boto. Baenjineri ba sebelisa software ea komporo e thusoang ke komporo (CAD) ho etsa litšoantšo tsa schematic tse bonts'ang likhokahano le libaka tsa likarolo. Moralo o kenyelletsa ho beakanya boemo ba mesaletsa, liphaephe le li-vias ho netefatsa tšitiso e fokolang le phallo e nepahetseng ea lets'oao.
2. Khetho ea thepa
Khetho ea thepa ea PCB e bohlokoa haholo ts'ebetsong ea eona le ho tšoarella nako e telele. Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa fiberglass e matlafalitsoeng epoxy laminate, eo hangata e bitsoang FR-4. Lera la koporo holim'a boto ea potoloho ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho tsamaisa motlakase. Botenya le boleng ba koporo bo sebelisitsoeng bo itšetlehile ka litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa potoloho.
3. Lokisetsa substrate
Hang ha moralo oa moralo o khethiloe 'me lisebelisoa li khethiloe, ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso e qala ka ho seha substrate ho ea ho litekanyo tse hlokahalang. Joale substrate e hloekisoa 'me e koahetsoe ka lera la koporo, e leng motheo oa litsela tsa conductive.
4. Etching
Ka mor'a ho lokisa substrate, mohato o latelang ke ho tlosa koporo e feteletseng ho tloha boto. Mokhoa ona, o bitsoang etching, o finyelloa ka ho sebelisa ntho e thibelang asiti e bitsoang mask ho sireletsa mesaletsa ea koporo e lakatsehang. Joale sebaka se sa koaheloang se pepesehetse tharollo ea etching, e qhaqhang koporo e sa batleheng, e siea feela tsela e lakatsehang ea potoloho.
5. Ho cheka
Ho cheka ho kenyelletsa ho theha masoba kapa li-vias ka har'a substrate ho lumella ho beoa ha likarolo le likhokahano tsa motlakase lipakeng tsa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa boto ea potoloho. Mechini e chekang ka lebelo le holimo e nang le likotoana tsa ho cheka ka nepo e ka kenya likoti tsena tse nyane. Ka mor'a hore ts'ebetso ea ho cheka e phethoe, likoti li kenngoa ka thepa e tsamaisang ho netefatsa hore ho na le likhokahano tse nepahetseng.
6. Plating le solder maske kopo
Liboto tse phuntsoeng li koahetsoe ka sekhahla se tšesaane sa koporo ho matlafatsa likhokahano le ho fana ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng oa ho fumana likarolo. Kamora ho roala, mask a solder a sebelisoa ho sireletsa mesaletsa ea koporo ho oxidation le ho hlalosa sebaka sa solder. 'Mala oa mask oa solder hangata o motala, empa o ka fapana ho latela khetho ea moetsi.
7. Ho beha likarolo
Ka mohato ona, PCB e entsoeng e kentsoe lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki. Likarolo li behiloe ka hloko holim'a li-pads ho netefatsa hore li tsamaisana hantle le maemo. Ts'ebetso hangata e sebelisoa ka mochini o khethang le ho beha sebaka ho netefatsa ho nepahala le ho sebetsa hantle.
8. Welding
Soldering ke mohato oa ho qetela ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea PCB. E kenyelletsa lintho tse futhumatsang le liphaephe ho theha khokahanyo e matla le e tšepahalang ea motlakase. Sena se ka etsoa ho sebelisa mochini oa solder oa wave, moo boto e fetisitsoeng ka leqhubu la solder e entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa, kapa ka mekhoa ea matsoho ea solder bakeng sa likarolo tse rarahaneng.
Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea PCB ke ts'ebetso e hlokolosi e kenyelletsang mekhahlelo e mengata ea ho fetola moralo hore e be boto ea potoloho e sebetsang. Ho tloha ho moralo oa pele le moralo ho isa ho ho beoa ha likarolo le ho solder, mohato o mong le o mong o kenya letsoho tšebetsong e akaretsang le ho ts'epahala ha PCB. Ka ho utloisisa lintlha tse rarahaneng tsa mokhoa oa ho etsa tlhahiso, re ka ananela tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji e entseng hore lisebelisoa tsa morao-rao tsa elektronike li be nyenyane, li potlake, hape li sebetse hantle.
Nako ea poso: Sep-18-2023