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Mefuta e ka sehloohong ea li-microcircuits tse hlahisoang ke lik'hamphani tsa semiconductor

Batšehetsi ba Investopedia ba tsoa limelong tse fapaneng, 'me bangoli ba likete ba nang le boiphihlelo le bahlophisi ba kentse letsoho ka lilemo tse 24.
Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea li-chips tse hlahisoang ke lik'hamphani tsa semiconductor.Ka kakaretso, li-chips li arotsoe ho latela mosebetsi oa tsona.Leha ho le joalo, ka linako tse ling li arotsoe ka mefuta e fapaneng ho itšetlehile ka potoloho e kopantsoeng (IC) e sebelisoang.
Mabapi le ts'ebetso, mekhahlelo e mene ea mantlha ea li-semiconductors ke li-memory chips, li-microprocessors, li-chips tse tloaelehileng, le lits'ebetso tse rarahaneng ho chip (SoC).Ho ea ka mofuta oa potoloho e kopaneng, li-chips li ka aroloa ka mefuta e meraro: li-chips tsa dijithale, li-chips tsa analog le li-chips tse nyalisitsoeng.
Ho latela pono ea ts'ebetso, li-memory chips tsa semiconductor li boloka data le mananeo ho likhomphutha le lisebelisoa tsa polokelo.
Li-chips tsa memori ea phihlello (RAM) li fana ka sebaka sa nakoana sa mosebetsi, ha li-flash memory li boloka tlhahisoleseling ka ho sa feleng (ntle le haeba e hlakotsoe).Bala Feela Memori (ROM) le Programmable Bala Feela Memori (PROM) chips li ke ke tsa fetoloa.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mohopolo o ka hlakolohang oa ho bala feela (EPROM) le li-chips tsa memori e ka hlakolohang ka motlakase (EEPROM) li ka nkeloa sebaka.
Microprocessor e na le yuniti e le 'ngoe kapa tse ling tse bohareng tsa ts'ebetso (CPUs).Li-server tsa khomphutha, likhomphutha tsa motho (li-PC), matlapa le li-smartphone li ka ba le li-processor tse ngata.
Li-microprocessors tsa 32-bit le 64-bit ka har'a li-PC le li-server tsa kajeno li ipapisitse le meralo ea x86, POWER, le SPARC chip e ileng ea ntlafatsoa lilemong tse mashome tse fetileng.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lisebelisoa tsa mohala tse kang li-smartphone hangata li sebelisa meralo ea chip ea ARM.Li-microprocessors tse seng matla haholo tsa 8-bit, 16-bit, le 24-bit (tse bitsoang li-microcontrollers) li sebelisoa lihlahisoa tse kang lipapali le likoloi.
Ka botekgeniki, graphics processing unit (GPU) ke microprocessor e khonang ho fana ka lits'oants'o ho bonts'a lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki.E tsebisitsoe 'marakeng ka kakaretso ka 1999, li-GPU li tsebahala ka ho fana ka litšoantšo tse boreleli tseo bareki ba li lebelletseng ho tsoa ho livideo le lipapali tsa sejoale-joale.
Pele ho qaleha ha GPU ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1990, ho nehelanoa ka litšoantšo ho ne ho etsoa ke setsi sa tšebetso se bohareng (CPU).Ha e sebelisoa mmoho le CPU, GPU e ka ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea komporo ka ho theola mesebetsi e meng e matla haholo, joalo ka ho fana, ho tsoa ho CPU.Sena se potlakisa ts'ebetso ea kopo hobane GPU e ka etsa lipalo tse ngata ka nako e le 'ngoe.Phetoho ena e boetse e lumella nts'etsopele ea software le mesebetsi e tsoetseng pele le e sebelisang lisebelisoa tse ngata joalo ka merafo ea chelete ea crypto.
Li-circuits tse kopantsoeng tsa indasteri (CICs) ke li-microcircuits tse bonolo tse sebelisetsoang ho pheta-pheta mekhoa ea ho sebetsa.Li-chips tsena li hlahisoa ka molumo o phahameng 'me hangata li sebelisoa lisebelisoa tsa morero o le mong joalo ka li-scanner tsa barcode.Mmaraka oa li-circuits tse kopantsoeng tsa thepa o tšoauoa ka marang-rang a tlase mme o busoa ke baetsi ba li-semiconductor tse kholo tsa Asia.Haeba IC e etselitsoe morero o itseng, e bitsoa ASIC kapa Application Specific Integrated Circuit.Ka mohlala, merafo ea bitcoin kajeno e etsoa ka thuso ea ASIC, e etsang mosebetsi o le mong feela: merafo.Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) ke IC e 'ngoe e tloaelehileng e ka etsoang ho latela litlhaloso tsa moetsi.
SoC (sistimi ho chip) ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta e mecha ea lichifi le e tsebahalang haholo ke bahlahisi ba bacha.Ho SoC, likarolo tsohle tsa elektroniki tse hlokehang bakeng sa sistimi eohle li hahiloe ka har'a chip e le 'ngoe.Li-SoCs li sebetsa ka mokhoa o fapaneng ho feta li-chips tsa microcontroller, tseo hangata li kopanyang CPU e nang le RAM, ROM, le input/output (I/O).Ho li-smartphones, li-SoCs le tsona li ka kopanya lits'oants'o, lik'hamera, le ts'ebetso ea molumo le video.Ho eketsa chip ea taolo le chip ea seea-le-moea ho etsa tharollo ea li-chip tse tharo.
Ho nka mokhoa o fapaneng oa ho arola li-chips, li-processor tse ngata tsa sejoale-joale li sebelisa li-circuits tsa dijithale.Hangata li-circuits tsena li kopanya li-transistors le liheke tsa logic.Ka linako tse ling ho eketsoa microcontroller.Li-circuits tsa dijithale li sebelisa matšoao a dijithale, hangata a ipapisitse le potoloho ea binary.Li-voltage tse peli tse fapaneng li abeloa, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e emela boleng bo fapaneng ba kelello.
Li-chips tsa analog li 'nile tsa nkeloa sebaka haholo (empa eseng ka ho feletseng) ke li-chips tsa digital.Hangata li-chips tsa matla ke li-analog chips.Lipontšo tsa Wideband li ntse li hloka li-IC tsa analog 'me li ntse li sebelisoa e le li-sensor.Lipotolohong tsa analog, voltage le hona joale li lula li fetoha libakeng tse itseng tsa potoloho.
Li-IC tsa analog hangata li kenyelletsa li-transistors le likaroloana tse sa sebetseng joalo ka li-inductors, li-capacitor le li-resistors.Li-IC tsa analoge li tloaetse ho ba le lerata kapa liphetoho tse nyane tsa motlakase, tse ka bakang liphoso.
Li-semiconductors bakeng sa li-circuits tse nyalisitsoeng hangata ke li-IC tsa dijithale tse nang le mahlale a tlatsetso a sebetsang ka li-circuits tsa analog le tsa dijithale.Li-microcontroller li ka kenyelletsa converter ea analog-to-digital (ADC) ho sehokelo se nang le li-microcircuits tsa analog joalo ka lisensara tsa mocheso.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, digital-to-analog converter (DAC) e lumella microcontroller ho hlahisa li-voltage tsa analog ho fetisa molumo ka sesebelisoa sa analog.
Indasteri ea semiconductor e na le chelete e ngata ebile e matla, e nchafatsa likarolo tse ngata tsa mebaraka ea likhomphutha le tsa elektroniki.Ho tseba hore na ke mefuta efe ea likhamphani tsa semiconductors tse hlahisang joalo ka li-CPU, li-GPU, li-ASIC ho ka u thusa ho etsa liqeto tse bohlale le tse nang le tsebo ea ho tsetela ho pholletsa le lihlopha tsa indasteri.


Nako ea poso: Jun-29-2023