Phapang pakeng tsa chip le boto ea potoloho

Phapang pakeng tsa chip le boto ea potoloho:
Sebopeho se fapane: Chip: Ke mokhoa oa ho fokotsa li-circuits (haholo-holo ho kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor, ho kenyelletsa le likaroloana tse sa sebetseng, joalo-joalo), 'me hangata li etsoa holim'a liphaphatha tsa semiconductor. Integrated Circuit: Sesebediswa se senyane sa elektroniki kapa karolwana.
Mekhoa e fapaneng ea tlhahiso: chip: sebelisa sephaphatha se le seng sa crystal silicon e le lera la motheo, ebe sebelisa photolithography, doping, CMP le mahlale a mang ho etsa likarolo tse kang MOSFET kapa BJTs, ebe o sebelisa filimi e tšesaane le theknoloji ea CMP ho etsa lithapo, tlhahiso ea chip e phethiloe.
Potoloho e kopantsoeng: Ka mokhoa o itseng, li-transistors, resistors, capacitor, inductors le likarolo tse ling le lithapo tse hlokahalang potolohong li hokahanngoa hammoho, li entsoe ka li-chips tse nyane kapa tse 'maloa tse nyane tsa semiconductor kapa li-dielectric substrates, ebe li kenngoa ka har'a tube. kgetla.

tsebisa:
Kamora hore transistor e qapiloe le ho hlahisoa ka bongata, likarolo tse fapaneng tsa semiconductor tsa boemo bo tiileng joalo ka diode le li-transistors li ile tsa sebelisoa haholo, ho nka sebaka sa ts'ebetso le karolo ea li-vacuum tubes lipotolohong. Bohareng le qetellong ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea semiconductor e ile ea etsa hore lipotoloho tse kopaneng li khonehe. Sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse ikhethileng ho fapana le ho bokella lipotoloho ka letsoho.
Li-circuits tse kopantsoeng li ka kopanya palo e kholo ea li-microtransistors ho chip e nyane, e leng tsoelo-pele e kholo. Ho hlahisoa ka bongata ha lipotoloho tse kopaneng, ho ts'epahala, le mokhoa oa modular oa moralo oa potoloho o netefalitse ho amoheloa ka potlako ha li-circuits tse kopaneng tse kopaneng ho fapana le meralo e sebelisang li-transistors tsa discrete.
Li-circuits tse kopantsoeng li na le melemo e 'meli ea mantlha ho feta li-transistors tse fapaneng: litšenyehelo le ts'ebetso. Theko e tlaase e bakoa ke taba ea hore chip e na le likarolo tsohle tsa eona tse hatisitsoeng e le yuniti ka photolithography, ho e-na le ho etsa transistor e le 'ngoe feela ka nako.
Ts'ebetso e phahameng e bakoa ke ho fetoha ka potlako ha likarolo le tšebeliso e tlaase ea matla hobane likaroloana li nyenyane ebile li le haufi le tse ling. Ka 2006, sebaka sa chip se ne se tloha ho limilimithara tse 'maloa ho isa ho 350mm²,' me mm² ka 'ngoe e ne e ka fihla ho li-transistors tse milione.