Musiyano uripo pakati pechip uye bhodhi redunhu

Musiyano uripo pakati pechip uye bhodhi redunhu:
Kuumbwa kwakasiyana: Chip: Iyo inzira yekudzikisa maseketi (kunyanya kusanganisira semiconductor zvishandiso, zvinosanganisira passive components, etc.), uye inowanzogadzirwa pamusoro peiyo semiconductor wafers. Integrated Circuit: Chinhu chidiki chemagetsi kana chikamu.
Nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzira: chip: shandisa crystal silicon wafer sechigadziko, wobva washandisa photolithography, doping, CMP uye mamwe matekinoroji kugadzira zvinhu zvakaita seMOSFETs kana BJTs, wozoshandisa tekinoroji yefirimu uye CMP kugadzira waya, kuitira kuti. kugadzirwa kwechip kwapera.
Integrated circuit: Uchishandisa imwe nzira, ma transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors uye zvimwe zvikamu uye wiring inodiwa munharaunda yakabatana pamwe chete, yakagadzirwa pane diki kana akati wandei semiconductor machipisi kana dielectric substrates, yobva yaiswa mukati mechubhu. shell.

suma:
Mushure mekunge transistor yave yakagadzirwa uye kubudiswa-zhinji, zvakasiyana-siyana solid-state semiconductor zvikamu zvakaita se diode uye transistors zvakashandiswa zvakanyanya, kutsiva basa uye basa revacuum chubhu mumaseketi. Pakati nepakati nekupera kwezana ramakore rechi20, kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira semiconductor kwakaita kuti masekete akabatanidzwa agoneke. Shandisa ega ega ega ega ega ega ega ega ega ega achipokana nekuunganidza nemaoko maseketi.
Maseketi akabatanidzwa anogona kubatanidza huwandu hukuru hwe microtransistors mudiki chip, inova kufambira mberi kukuru. Kuwanda-kugadzirwa kwemasekete akabatanidzwa, kuvimbika, uye modular maitiro ekugadzirisa dhizaini yakavimbisa kukurumidza kugamuchirwa kweakamisikidzwa akabatanidzwa maseketi panzvimbo yedhizaini achishandisa discrete transistors.
Akabatanidzwa maseketi ane maviri makuru mabhenefiti pamusoro pe discrete transistors: mutengo uye kuita. Iko mari yakaderera inokonzerwa nekuti chip ine zvikamu zvayo zvose zvakadhindwa sechikwata ne photolithography, pane kuita imwe chete transistor panguva.
Iko kushanda kwepamusoro kunokonzerwa nekukurumidza kuchinja kwezvikamu uye kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa nokuti zvikamu zviduku uye zviri pedyo kune mumwe. Muna 2006, iyo chip nzvimbo yakatangira kubva mashoma masikweya millimita kusvika 350mm², uye imwe neimwe mm² yaigona kusvika miriyoni imwe transistors.