PCB (Yakadhindwa Circuit Board), zita rechiChinese rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi, rinozivikanwawo sebhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa, chinhu chakakosha chemagetsi, chitsigiro chezvikamu zvemagetsi, uye mutakuri wekubatanidza magetsi ezvikamu zvemagetsi.Nemhaka yekuti inogadzirwa uchishandisa kudhinda kwemagetsi, inonzi "yakadhindwa" bhodhi redunhu.
1. Ungasarudza sei PCB board?
Sarudzo yePCB board inofanirwa kuenzana pakati pemusangano wekugadzira zvinodiwa, kugadzirwa kwehuwandu uye mutengo.Zvido zvekugadzira zvine zvese zvemagetsi uye zvemuchina.Kazhinji nyaya iyi inonyanya kukosha pakugadzira mabhodhi ePCB anomhanya kwazvo (frequency yakakura kupfuura GHz).
Semuyenzaniso, iyo FR-4 zvinhu iyo inowanzoshandiswa nhasi inogona kunge isina kukodzera nekuti iyo dielectric kurasikirwa pafrequency ye akati wandei GHz kuchave nekukanganisa kukuru pakudzikamisa chiratidzo.Nekuda kwemagetsi, zvinodikanwa kuti utarise kuti dielectric inoramba iripo (dielectric constant) uye dielectric kurasikirwa kwakakodzera kune yakagadzirirwa frequency.
2. Nzira yekudzivirira sei kupindira kwepamusoro-soro?
Pfungwa huru yekudzivisa kukanganiswa kwepamusoro-soro ndeyekudzikisa kupindira kweakakwira-frequency chiratidzo chemagetsi minda, inova inonzi crosstalk (Crosstalk).Iwe unogona kuwedzera chinhambwe pakati pechiratidzo chepamusoro-chinomhanya uye chiratidzo cheanalog, kana kuwedzera pasi gadhi / shunt traces padivi peiyo analog chiratidzo.Uyewo teerera kune kupindira kweruzha rwe digital pasi kune iyo analog pasi.
3. Mukugadzirwa kwepamusoro-soro, nzira yekugadzirisa dambudziko rekuvimbika kwechiratidzo?
Signal kutendeseka inyaya ye impedance yekufananidza.Izvo zvinhu zvinokanganisa impedance kufananidzwa zvinosanganisira chimiro uye kuburitsa impedance yechiratidzo sosi, hunhu hunhu hweiyo trace, hunhu hwekuguma kwemutoro, uye topology yekuteedzera.Mhinduro ndeyekuvimba nekugumisa uye kugadzirisa iyo topology ye wiring.
4. Nzira yekugovera yekusiyanisa inowanikwa sei?
Pane mapoinzi maviri ekuteerera kune wiring yekusiyanisa pair.Imwe ndeyokuti kureba kwemitsara miviri inofanira kuva yakareba sezvinobvira.Kune nzira mbiri dzakafanana, imwe ndeyokuti mitsetse miviri inomhanya pane imwechete ye wiring layer (padivi-ne-parutivi), uye imwe yacho ndeyokuti mitsetse miviri inomhanya pamusoro uye yakaderera yakaganhurana layer (pamusoro-pasi).Kazhinji, yaimbove padivi nepadivi (padivi nepadivi, padivi nepadivi) inoshandiswa munzira dzakawanda.
5. Kune mutsara wechiratidzo chewachi ine imwe chete inobuda terminal, maitiro ekushandisa akasiyana wiring?
Kuti ushandise mutsauko wiring, zvinongoreva chete kuti chiratidzo chinobva uye chinogamuchira ese ari maviri masaini masaini.Saka hazvigoneke kushandisa mutsauko wiring yechiratidzo chewachi nekubuda kumwe chete.
6. Ko chinopikisa chinofananidzira chinogona kuwedzerwa pakati pemitsara yekusiyanisa pairi pakugamuchira?
Kurwisana kunofananidzwa pakati pemitsara yakasiyana-siyana pamagumo ekugamuchira kunowanzowedzerwa, uye kukosha kwayo kunofanira kuenzana nekukosha kwekusiyanisa impedance.Nenzira iyi chiratidzo chechiratidzo chichava nani.
7. Sei wiring yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana ichifanira kuva pedyo uye yakafanana?
Nzira yekusiyanisa pairi inofanira kunge iri pedyo uye yakaenzana.Iyo inonzi kuswedera kwakakodzera imhaka yekuti chinhambwe chinozokanganisa kukosha kwekusiyanisa impedance, inova yakakosha parameter yekugadzira inosiyanisa peya.Kudiwa kwekufananidzira kunokonzerwawo nekudiwa kwekuchengetedza kuwirirana kwekusiyanisa impedance.Kana iyo mitsetse miviri iri kure kana pedyo, iyo impedance yekusiyanisa ichave isingaenderane, izvo zvinokanganisa chiratidzo chekuvimbika (chiratidzo chekuvimbika) uye kunonoka nguva (kunonoka kunonoka).
8. Maitiro ekuita nekumwe kukakavara kwedzidziso mune chaiyo wiring
Chaizvoizvo, zvakanaka kuparadzanisa analog / digital pasi.Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti chiratidzo chechiratidzo hachifanirwe kuyambuka nzvimbo yakakamurwa (moat) zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, uye nzira yekudzoka ikozvino (inodzosera ikozvino nzira) yemagetsi uye chiratidzo haifanirwe kuve yakakura.
Iyo crystal oscillator ndeye analog yakanaka mhinduro oscillation wedunhu.Kuti ive neyakagadzika oscillation siginecha, inofanirwa kusangana nezvakatsanangurwa zvekuwana loop uye chikamu.Nekudaro, iyo oscillation yakatarwa yeiyi analogi siginecha inokanganisika nyore, uye kunyange kuwedzera pasi pevarindi traces inogona kusakwanisa kuparadzanisa zvachose kupindira.Uye kana iri kure zvakanyanya, ruzha rwepasi pasi ruchakanganisawo mhinduro yakanaka oscillation circuit.Naizvozvo, kureba pakati pekristaro oscillator uye chip inofanira kunge iri padyo sezvinobvira.
Chokwadi, kune makakatanwa mazhinji pakati pekumhanyisa-kumhanya routing uye EMI zvinodiwa.Asi musimboti wekutanga ndewekuti zvinopikisa uye ma capacitor kana ferrite bead akawedzerwa nekuda kweEMI hazvigone kukonzera mamwe magetsi echiratidzo kutadza kuzadzisa zvakatemwa.Naizvozvo, zvakanakisa kushandisa hunyanzvi hwekuronga wiring uye PCB stacking kugadzirisa kana kuderedza EMI matambudziko, sekufambisa masaini ekumhanya-mhanya kune yemukati layer.Pakupedzisira, shandisa resistor capacitor kana ferrite bead kuderedza kukuvadzwa kwechiratidzo.
9. Nzira yekugadzirisa sei kupokana pakati pemanyorero wiring uye otomatiki wiring ye-high-speed signals?
Mazhinji e otomatiki ma routers eiyo yakasimba routing software iye zvino akaisa zvipingamupinyi kudzora nzira yekufambisa uye nhamba yevias.Iyo yekumisikidza zvinhu zvekugonesa injini yekugona uye kumanikidza mamiriro emakambani akasiyana eEDA dzimwe nguva anosiyana zvakanyanya.
Semuenzaniso, pane zvipingamupinyi zvakakwana zvekudzora nzira iyo nyoka dzenyoka, zvinogona here kuparadzaniswa kwepakati pezviviri zvakasiyana, zvichingodaro.Izvi zvinokanganisa kana nzira yekufambisa inowanikwa neotomatiki nzira inogona kusangana nepfungwa yemugadziri.
Mukuwedzera, kuoma kwekugadzirisa nemaoko wiring kunewo hukama hwakakwana nekukwanisa kwejini inoputika.Semuyenzaniso, the pushability of traces, the pushability of vias, uye kunyange pushability of zvisaririra kuti mhangura, etc. Naizvozvo, kusarudza router ine simba rinomonereka injini kugona ndiyo mhinduro.
10. Nezve bvunzo makuponi.
Iyo coupon yekuyedza inoshandiswa kuyera kana hunhu hwePCB inogadzirwa inosangana nezvinodiwa neTDR (Nguva Domain Reflectometer).Kazhinji, iyo impedance inofanirwa kudzorwa ine nyaya mbiri: mutsara mumwechete uye mutsauko peya.Naizvozvo, hupamhi hwemutsara uye kupatsanurwa kwemutsara (kana paine mapeya akasiyana) pacouponi yebvunzo inofanira kunge yakafanana nemitsetse inofanirwa kudzorwa.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekumira kwenzvimbo yepasi pakuyera.Kuti uderedze kukosha kweiyo inductance yepasi lead (ground lead), nzvimbo iyo TDR probe (probe) inodzika kazhinji iri padyo nenzvimbo inoyerwa chiratidzo (probe tip).Naizvozvo, chinhambwe uye nzira iri pakati penzvimbo inoyerwa chiratidzo pacoupon yekuyedza nenzvimbo yepasi Kuti ifanane neprobe yakashandiswa.
11. Mukumhanya-mhanya PCB dhizaini, nzvimbo isina chinhu yechiratidzo chechiratidzo inogona kuvharwa nemhangura, asi mhangura yezvikamu zvakawanda zvechiratidzo inofanira kugovaniswa sei pakugadzika uye magetsi?
Kazhinji, yakawanda yemhangura munzvimbo isina chinhu inodzika pasi.Ingoteerera kune chinhambwe pakati pemhangura uye mutsara wechiratidzo paunenge uchiisa mhangura padivi peiyo inomhanya-mhanya chiratidzo mutsara, nekuti iyo yakaiswa mhangura inozodzikisa hunhu impedance yekutevera zvishoma.Chenjererawo kuti usakanganise hunhu hweimpedance yemamwe maseru, senge muchimiro chemutsetse wemitsetse miviri.
12. Zvinokwanisika here kushandisa microstrip line modhi kuti uverenge hunhu impedance yemutsetse wechiratidzo pamusoro peiyo ndege ine simbaChiratidzo pakati pesimba nendege yepasi chinogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa stripline modhi?
Ehe, zvese zviri zviviri ndege yemagetsi nendege yepasi zvinofanirwa kutariswa senge ndege dzekutarisa kana uchiverenga hunhu impedance.Semuyenzaniso, mana-layer board: top layer-power layer-ground layer-bottom layer.Panguva ino, iyo modhi yehunhu impedance yeyepamusoro layer trace ndiyo microstrip line modhi ine simba rendege seyereferensi ndege.
13. Kazhinji, kuitisa otomatiki chizvarwa chebvunzo mapoinzi nesoftware pamabhodhi akadhindwa epamusoro-density kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekuedzwa kwekugadzirwa kwemazhinji?
Kuti mapoinzi ebvunzo anogadzirwa otomatiki nesoftware yakajairika inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuyedzwa zvinoenderana nekuti zvakatemwa zvekuwedzera mapoinzi ebvunzo zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvemidziyo yekuyedza.Uye zvakare, kana iyo wiring yakanyanya kuomarara uye iyo yakatarwa yekuwedzera bvunzo mapoinzi yakaomesesa, zvinogona kunge zvisingakwanisi kuwedzera otomatiki mapoinzi ebvunzo kune chimwe nechimwe chikamu chemutsara.Ehe, zvinodikanwa kuzadza nemaoko munzvimbo dzinofanirwa kuongororwa.
14. Ko kuwedzera bvunzo mapoinzi kuchakanganisa kunaka kweakakwira-kumhanya masaini?
Kana zviri izvo zvichakanganisa kunaka kwechiratidzo, zvinoenderana nenzira yekuwedzera bvunzo mapoinzi uye kuti inokurumidza sei chiratidzo.Chaizvoizvo, mamwe mapoinzi ekuyedza (kusashandisa iripo kuburikidza kana yeDIP pini semapoinzi ebvunzo) anogona kuwedzerwa kumutsara kana kudhonzwa kubva pamutsetse.Iyo yekutanga yakaenzana nekuwedzera diki capacitor online, nepo iyo yekupedzisira iri yekuwedzera bazi.
Aya mamiriro maviri anozokanganisa iyo yepamusoro-yekumhanya chiratidzo zvakanyanya kana zvishoma, uye dhigirii repesvedzero rine hukama nekumhanya kweiyo frequency yechiratidzo uye chiyero chekumucheto chechiratidzo (kumucheto mwero).Ukuru hwehuipi hunogona kuzivikanwa kuburikidza nekuenzanisa.Muchidimbu, iyo diki bvunzo poindi, zviri nani (zvechokwadi, inofanirawo kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemidziyo yekuyedza).Iyo ipfupi bazi, zviri nani.
15. MaPCB akati wandei anoumba hurongwa, waya dzepasi dzinofanira kusunganidzwa sei pakati pemapuranga?
Kana chiratidzo kana simba pakati peakasiyana mabhodhi ePCB akabatana kune mumwe nemumwe, semuenzaniso, bhodhi A ine simba kana masaini anotumirwa kubhodhi B, panofanirwa kuve nechiyero chakaenzana chezvino chinoyerera kubva pasi pasi kudzokera kubhodhi A (ichi Kirchoff mutemo wazvino).
Ikozvino pakuumbwa uku kuchawana nzvimbo yekushomeka kushoma kuyerera kumashure.Nokudaro, nhamba yepini yakagoverwa kune ndege yepasi haifaniri kunge yakanyanya kuduku pane imwe neimwe interface, pasinei nokuti iine magetsi kana chiratidzo, kuitira kuti kuderedza impedance, iyo inogona kuderedza ruzha pane ndege yepasi.
Mukuwedzera, zvinokwanisikawo kuongorora iyo yose yezvino loop, kunyanya chikamu chine yakakura ikozvino, uye kugadzirisa nzira yekubatanidza yekuumbwa kana pasi wire kudzora kuyerera kwemazuva ano (somuenzaniso, kugadzira yakaderera impedance pane imwe nzvimbo, kuitira kuti mazhinji ezvinoyerera kubva munzvimbo idzi), kuderedza kukanganiswa kwemamwe masaini anonzwisa tsitsi.
16. Unogona here kusuma mamwe ekunze michina mabhuku uye data pamusoro-nokukurumidza PCB dhizaini?
Iye zvino madhijitari anomhanya-mhanya anoshandiswa mundima dzine hukama dzakadai senge network network uye macalculator.Panyaya yekutaurirana network, iyo frequency yekushanda kwePCB board yasvika GHz, uye huwandu hwematanho akaturikidzana hunosvika makumi mana sekuziva kwangu.
Calculator-inoenderana nekushandisa zvakare nekuda kwekufambiswa kwemachipisi.Ingave iri general PC kana sevha (Server), iyo yakanyanya kushanda frequency pabhodhi yasvikawo 400MHz (seRambus).
Mukupindura kune yakakwirira-kumhanya uye yakakwirira-density nzira yezvinodiwa, kudiwa kwemapofu / kuvigwa vias, mircrovias uye kuvaka-up process tekinoroji iri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.Izvi zvinodiwa zvekugadzira zvinowanika pakugadzirwa kwemazhinji nevagadziri.
17. Mafomu maviri anowanzo tsanangurwa maitiro e impedance:
Microstrip line (microstrip) Z={87/[sqrt(Er+1.41)]}ln[5.98H/(0.8W+T)] apo W iri upamhi hwemutsara, T ndiko ukobvu hwemhangura hwekutsvaga, uye H Chinhambwe kubva pakuteedzera kuenda kundege yereferensi, Er ndiyo dielectric inogara yePCB zvinhu (dielectric constant).Iyi fomula inogona kushandiswa chete kana 0.1≤(W/H)≤2.0 uye 1≤(Er)≤15.
Stripline (stripline) Z=[60/sqrt(Er)]ln{4H/[0.67π(T+0.8W)]} uko, H chinhambwe chiri pakati pendege mbiri dzereferenzi, uye trace iri pakati pe ndege mbiri idzi .Iyi fomula inogona kushandiswa chete kana W/H≤0.35 uye T/H≤0.25.
18. Ko waya yepasi inogona kuwedzerwa here pakati pemutsara wechiratidzo chekusiyanisa?
Kazhinji, tambo yepasi haigoni kuwedzerwa pakati pechiratidzo chekusiyanisa.Nokuti iyo inonyanya kukosha yekushandiswa kwemusimboti wekusiyanisa masaini ndeye kutora mukana wezvibatsiro zvinounzwa nekubatana (kubatana) pakati pezviratidzo zvekusiyanisa, senge flux kudzima, ruzha kusadzivirirwa, nezvimwe. Kana waya yevhu yakawedzerwa pakati, coupling effect ichaparadzwa.
19. Ko rigid-flex board design inoda yakakosha dhizaini software uye zvakatemwa?
Iyo inoshanduka yakadhindwa yedunhu (FPC) inogona kugadzirwa neyakajairwa PCB dhizaini software.Uyezve shandisa iyo Gerber fomati kugadzira kune vanogadzira FPC.
20. Ndeipi musimboti wekusarudza zvakanaka nzvimbo yekugadzika yePCB uye nyaya yacho?
Nheyo yekusarudza nzvimbo yepasi yePCB uye goko ndeyekushandisa chassis pasi kuti ipe yakaderera-impedance nzira yekudzoka ikozvino (inodzoka ikozvino) uye kutonga nzira yekudzoka ikozvino.Semuenzaniso, kazhinji padhuze neiyo yakakwira-frequency mudziyo kana wachi jenareta, iyo yepasi layer yePCB inogona kubatanidzwa nechassis pasi nekugadzirisa screws kudzikisa nharaunda yese yazvino loop, nekudaro ichidzikisa electromagnetic radiation.
21. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvatinofanira kutanga nazvo zvedunhu bhodhi DEBUG?
Nezve maseketi edhijitari, tanga waona zvinhu zvitatu zvakateerana:
1. Simbisa kuti ese ekupa kukosha akakura kune dhizaini.Mamwe masisitimu ane akawanda magetsi ekushandisa anogona kuda mamwe maratidziro ekurongeka uye kumhanya kwemamwe magetsi emagetsi.
2. Tarisa kuti mawachi ese ari kushanda nemazvo uye hapana nyaya dzisiri dzemonotonic pamicheto yechiratidzo.
3. Simbisa kana chiratidzo chekugadzirisa zvakare chinosangana nezvinodiwa.Kana zvese izvi zvakajairika, chip inofanira kutumira chiratidzo chekutanga kutenderera (kutenderera).Tevere, gadzirisa zvinoenderana nesystem yekushanda musimboti uye bhazi protocol.
. panguva imwe chete, iwo anoteedzera akatetepa zvakanyanya kuti awedzere impedance.Haikwanise kudzikiswa, ndapota nyanzvi dzinosuma hunyanzvi hwepamusoro-kumhanya (≥100MHz) yakakwirira-density PCB dhizaini?
Paunenge uchigadzira yakakwirira-kumhanya uye yakakwira-density PCB, kupindira kwecrosstalk kunofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya nekuti ine simba guru pakuita nguva uye chiratidzo chekuvimbika.
Hezvino zvinhu zvishoma zvekuteerera:
Dzora kuenderera uye kuenzanisa kweiyo trace hunhu impedance.
Saizi yekutevera spacing.Kazhinji, kupatsanurwa kunowanzo onekwa kwakapetwa kaviri upamhi hwemutsara.Iko kukanganisa kwekutsvaga nzvimbo pane nguva uye chiratidzo chekuvimbika kunogona kuzivikanwa kuburikidza nekuenzanisa, uye iyo shoma inoshivirira nzvimbo inogona kuwanikwa.Migumisiro inogona kusiyana kubva kune chip kuenda kune chip.
Sarudza nzira yakakodzera yekugumisa.
Dzivisa nzira imwechete yezvicherechedzo zvekumusoro uye nezasi zvakaganhurana, kana kunyange kupindirana epamusoro uye ezasi zvitekidzo, nekuti rudzi urwu rwemuchinjiko rwakakura kupfuura twunoteedzerwa padanho rimwe chete.
Shandisa mapofu / akavigwa vias kuwedzera nzvimbo yekutevera.Asi mutengo wekugadzira wePCB board uchawedzera.Zvakaoma zvechokwadi kuwana parallelism yakakwana uye urefu hwakaenzana mukuita chaiko, asi zvichiri kudikanwa kuti uzviite zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
Uye zvakare, kumisa kusiyanisa uye kwakajairwa-modhi kugumiswa kunogona kuchengetwa kudzikamisa kukanganisa panguva uye chiratidzo chekuvimbika.
23. Iyo sefa pane analogi simba rekupa kazhinji LC redunhu.Asi nei dzimwe nguva LC ichisefa zvisingaite pane RC?
Kuenzanisa kweLC uye RC mafirita mhedzisiro inofanirwa kufunga kana iyo frequency bhendi inosefa kunze uye kusarudzwa kweiyo inductance kukosha kwakakodzera.Nekuti iyo inductive reactance (reactance) yeinductor ine chekuita neiyo inductance kukosha uye frequency.
Kana iyo ruzha frequency yemagetsi yakaderera uye kukosha kweiyo inductance haina kukura zvakakwana, iyo yekusefa inogona kunge isina kunaka seRC.Nekudaro, mutengo wekubhadhara wekushandisa RC kusefa ndeyekuti iyo resistor pachayo inobvisa simba, haina kunyatso shanda, uye inoteerera kuti ingani simba rakasarudzwa ringabata.
24. Ndeipi nzira yekusarudza inductance uye capacitance kukosha paunenge uchisefa?
Pamusoro peiyo ruzha frequency iwe yaunoda kusefa kunze, kusarudzwa kweiyo inductance kukosha kunotarisawo kugona kwekupindura kweiyo ipapo ipapo.Kana iyo yekubuda terminal yeLC iine mukana wekuburitsa yakakura ikozvino ipapo, yakawandisa inductance kukosha inotadzisa kumhanya kweiyo hombe inoyerera kuburikidza neinductor uye kuwedzera ripple ruzha.Iko capacitance kukosha kwakabatana nehukuru hweiyo ripple ruzha rwekutsanangura kukosha kunogona kutenderwa.
Iyo diki iyo ripple ruzha kukosha kunodiwa, iyo yakakura iyo capacitor kukosha.Iyo ESR / ESL ye capacitor ichavawo nemhedzisiro.Uye zvakare, kana iyo LC ikaiswa pakubuda kwesimba rekuchinja regiyo, inofanirwa zvakare kutarisisa kurudziro yedanda / zero inogadzirwa neLC pakugadzikana kweiyo negative feedback control loop..
25. Ungazadzisa sei zvinodiwa zveEMC zvakanyanya sezvinobvira pasina kukonzeresa mutengo wakawandisa?
Iko kuwedzera kwemutengo nekuda kweEMC paPCB kunowanzo kukonzerwa nekuwedzera kwenhamba yepasi pasi kuti iwedzere kudzivirira uye kuwedzera kweferrite bead, kukachidzwa uye mamwe ma-high-frequency harmonic kudzvinyirira michina.Pamusoro pezvo, zvinowanzodikanwa kushandirapamwe nezvimiro zvekudzivirira pane dzimwe nzira kuita kuti sisitimu yese ipfuure zvinodiwa neEMC.Aya anotevera angori mashoma PCB bhodhi dhizaini matipi ekudzikisa iyo electromagnetic radiation mhedzisiro inogadzirwa nedunhu.
Sarudza chigadziro chine chiyero chinononoka chekuuraya zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kuderedza zvikamu zvepamusoro-frequency zvinogadzirwa nechiratidzo.
Nyatsoteerera kuiswa kwe-high-frequency components, kwete pedyo zvakanyanya nekunze kwekubatanidza.
Teerera kune iyo impedance yekufananidza yeakakwira-kumhanya masaini, iyo wiring layer uye yekudzoka kwayo nzira yemazuva ano (kudzosera ikozvino nzira) kudzikisa yakakwira-frequency kuratidzwa uye nemwaranzi.
Isa akakwana uye akakodzera decoupling capacitors pamapini emagetsi ega ega mudziyo kune mwero ruzha pane simba uye pasi ndege.Chengetedza zvakanyanya kuti mhinduro yefrequency uye tembiricha hunhu hwe capacitor inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.
Ivhu riri pedyo nechekunze rekubatanidza rinogona kuparadzaniswa zvakanaka kubva pakuumbwa, uye pasi rekubatanidza rinofanira kubatanidzwa kune chassis pasi pedyo.
Shandisa zvakakodzera pasi gadhi / shunt traces padivi pemamwe masaini akanyanya-kumhanya.Asi teerera kune mhedzisiro yevarindi / shunt inoteedzera pane hunhu impedance yekuteedzera.
Simba remagetsi ndiro 20H mukati kupfuura magadzirirwo, uye H ndiyo chinhambwe pakati pesimba remagetsi uye magadzirirwo.
26. Kana paine akawanda madhijitari / analog basa mabhuroki mune imwe PCB board, tsika yakajairika ndeyekuparadzanisa dhijitari / analog pasi.Chikonzero chii?
Chikonzero chekuparadzanisa ivhu redhijitari / analog imhaka yekuti dhijitari yedhijitari inoburitsa ruzha pane magetsi uye pasi kana ichichinja pakati pepamusoro uye yakaderera zvinogoneka.Hukuru hweruzha hunoenderana nekumhanya kwechiratidzo uye ukuru hwezvino.Kana ndege yepasi isina kukamurwa uye ruzha runogadzirwa nedunhu munzvimbo yedhijitari yakakura uye dunhu riri munzvimbo yeanalogi riri padyo, saka kunyangwe kana masaini edhijitari uye analogi asingadariki, chiratidzo cheanalogi chicharamba chichivhiringidzwa. neruzha rwepasi.Kureva kuti, nzira kwete kupatsanura digitaalinen uye analoginen zvikonzero zvinogona chete kushandiswa kana analoginen redunhu nharaunda iri kure kure digitaalinen redunhu nharaunda iyo inobereka guru ruzha.
27. Imwe nzira ndeyekuvimbisa kuti dhijitari / analog yakaparadzana dhizaini uye mitsetse yedhijitari / analog chiratidzo haiyambuka, iyo yose PCB board haina kukamurwa, uye dhijitari / analog pasi yakabatana kune iyi pasi ndege.Zvine basa rei?
Chinodiwa kuti dhijitari-analog chiratidzo chetrace haigone kuyambuka imhaka yekuti nzira yekudzoka ikozvino (yekudzosa ikozvino nzira) yeino mhanyisa zvishoma chiratidzo chedhijitari ichaedza kuyerera ichidzokera kune kunobva chiratidzo chedhijitari pasi pedyo nepasi pekutsvaga.muchinjikwa, ruzha runogadzirwa nekudzoka ikozvino ruchaonekwa munzvimbo yeanalog yedunhu.
28. Ungafunga sei iyo impedance yekufananidza dambudziko paunenge uchigadzira dhizaini yedhizaini yepamusoro-kumhanya PCB dhizaini?
Paunenge uchigadzira yakakwira-kumhanya PCB maseketi, impedance yekufananidza ndeimwe yezvinhu zvekugadzira.Iyo impedance value ine hukama hwakakwana neiyo nzira yekufambisa, sekufamba pamusoro pedenga (microstrip) kana yemukati layer (stripline/double stripline), chinhambwe kubva pareferensi layer (simba rekuisa kana pasi pasi), trace wide, PCB. zvinhu, nezvimwewo. Zvese zviri zviviri zvinokanganisa hunhu impedance kukosha kweiyo trace.
Kureva kuti, iyo impedance kukosha inogona kungotemwa mushure mekuita wiring.General simulation software haizokwanisi kufunga mamwe ma wiring mamiriro ane discontinuous impedance nekuda kwekuganhurwa kweiyo mutsara modhi kana mathematical algorithm inoshandiswa.Panguva ino, mamwe chete materminators (kugumisira), akadai searesi resistors, anogona kuchengetwa pane schematic dhizaini.kudzikisira mhedzisiro ye trace impedance discontinuities.Iyo chaiyo yakakosha mhinduro kudambudziko ndeyekuyedza kudzivirira impedance discontinuity kana wiring.
29. Ndekupi kwandinogona kupa iyo IBIS modhi raibhurari yechokwadi?
Iko kurongeka kweiyo IBIS modhi inobata zvakananga mhedzisiro yekufananidza.Chaizvoizvo, IBIS inogona kutorwa seyemagetsi hunhu data yedunhu rakaenzana reiyo chaiyo chip I / O buffer, iyo inogona kuwanikwa kazhinji nekushandura iyo SPICE modhi, uye iyo data yeSPICE ine hukama hwakakwana nekugadzira chip, saka. mudziyo mumwe chete unopihwa nevagadziri vakasiyana siyana.Iyo data muSPICE yakasiyana, uye iyo data mune yakashandurwa IBIS modhi ichave yakasiyanawo saizvozvo.
Kureva kuti, kana zvigadziriso zvemugadziri A zvichishandiswa, ivo chete vanogona kupa iyo data yemuenzaniso data yemidziyo yavo, nekuti hapana mumwe munhu anoziva zviri nani kupfuura ivo vanogadzira michina yavo.Kana iyo IBIS yakapihwa nemugadziri isiriyo, mhinduro chete ndeyekuramba uchikumbira mugadziri kuti agadzirise.
30. Paunenge uchigadzira maPCB akakwira-kumhanya, kubva pazvinhu zvipi izvo vagadziri vanofanirwa kufunga nezvemitemo yeEMC neEMI?
Kazhinji, EMI/EMC dhizaini inoda kufunga zvese zvakavhenekerwa uye zvakaitiswa zvinhu.Iyo yekutanga ndeyeyepamusoro frequency chikamu (≥30MHz) uye iyo yekupedzisira ndeyeyepasi frequency chikamu (≤30MHz).
Saka haugone kungoteerera kune yakakwira frequency uye kufuratira iyo yakaderera frequency chikamu.Iyo yakanaka EMI / EMC dhizaini inofanirwa kufunga nezve chinzvimbo chechigadzirwa, kurongeka kwePCB stack, nzira yekubatanidza kwakakosha, kusarudzwa kwechigadzirwa, nezvimwe pakutanga kweiyo marongerwo.Kana pasina urongwa huri nani huri mberi, hunogona kugadziriswa pashure Ichawana kaviri chigumisiro nehafu yekuedza uye kuwedzera mari.
Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yejenareta yewachi haifanire kunge iri padyo neiyo yekunze yekubatanidza zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, iyo inomhanya-yepamusoro chiratidzo inofanirwa kuenda kune yemukati layer sezvinobvira uye teerera kuenderera kweiyo hunhu impedance yekufananidza uye iyo. referensi dhizaini yekudzikisa kutarisisa, uye mutsetse (wakauraya mwero) wechiratidzo chinosundirwa nemudziyo unofanirwa kuve diki sezvinobvira kuderedza yakakwirira Paunosarudza decoupling / bypass capacitor, teerera kuti frequency yayo mhinduro inosangana nezvinodiwa kuti uderedze. ruzha rwendege yemagetsi.
Uye zvakare, teerera kune nzira yekudzoka yeiyo yakakwira-frequency chiratidzo chazvino kuita kuti loop nzvimbo ive diki sezvinobvira (kureva, iyo loop impedance idiki sezvinobvira) kuderedza radiation.Izvo zvakare zvinokwanisika kudzora huwandu hwepamusoro-frequency ruzha nekuparadzanisa kuumbwa.Pakupedzisira, sarudza zvakanaka nzvimbo yekugadzika yePCB uye kesi (chassis pasi).
31. Ungasarudza sei EDA zvishandiso?
Mune ikozvino pcb dhizaini software, yekupisa ongororo haisi yakasimba pfungwa, saka haina kukurudzirwa kuishandisa.Kune mamwe mabasa 1.3.4, unogona kusarudza PADS kana Cadence, uye kuita uye mutengo reshiyo zvakanaka.Vanotangisa muPLD dhizaini vanogona kushandisa nharaunda yakabatanidzwa inopiwa nePLD chip vagadziri, uye imwe-point maturusi anogona kushandiswa pakugadzira anopfuura miriyoni magedhi.
32. Ndapota kurudzira EDA software yakakodzera kushandiswa kwechiratidzo chepamusoro uye kutumira.
Kune yakajairwa dhizaini dhizaini, INNOVEDA's PADS yakanaka kwazvo, uye kune inofananidzira simulation software, uye iyi mhando yedhizaini inowanzoita 70% yezvikumbiro.Kune yakakwirira-yekumhanya dhizaini dhizaini, analogi uye yedhijitari yakasanganiswa maseketi, iyo Cadence mhinduro inofanirwa kunge iri software ine kuita zvirinani uye mutengo.Ehe, kuita kweMentor kuchiri kwakanaka kwazvo, kunyanya dhizaini yayo yekugadzira nzira inofanirwa kuve yakanyanya kunaka.
33. Tsananguro yezvinoreva chikamu chimwe nechimwe chePCB board
Topoverlay -- zita remudziyo wepamusoro-soro, unonziwo silkscreen yepamusoro kana ngano yechikamu chepamusoro, senge R1 C5,
IC10.bottomoverlay–similarly multilayer—–Kana ukagadzira 4-layer board, ukaisa padhi yemahara kana kuburikidza, tsanangura kuti multilay, ipapo pad yayo inozongooneka pa4 layers, kana Iwe ukangoitsanangura seyepamusoro layer, ipapo padhi rayo rinongoonekwa chete pamusoro pedenga.
34. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa mukugadzira, nzira uye marongerwo epamusoro-frequency PCBs pamusoro pe2G?
High-frequency PCBs pamusoro pe2G ndeye dhizaini yeredhiyo frequency maseketi, uye haisi mukati mechikamu chehurukuro yedhizaini yekumhanya yedhijitari dhizaini.Iyo dhizaini uye nzira yeRF yedunhu inofanirwa kutariswa pamwe chete neiyo schematic dhizaini, nekuti marongero uye nzira inokonzeresa kugovera.
Uyezve, zvimwe zvigadziriso zveRF zvedunhu dhizaini zvinowanikwa kuburikidza neparametric tsananguro uye yakakosha-yakavezwa foil yemhangura.Naizvozvo, maturusi eEDA anodiwa kuti ape parametric zvishandiso uye kugadzirisa yakakosha-yakaumbwa foil yemhangura.
Mentor's boardstation ine yakatsaurirwa RF dhizaini module inosangana nezvinodiwa izvi.Uyezve, dhizaini yeredhiyo frequency dhizaini inoda yakakosha redhiyo frequency redhiyo yekuongorora maturusi, inonyanya kuzivikanwa muindasitiri iyi agilent's eesoft, ine yakanaka interface neMentor's maturusi.
35. Kune yakakwirira-frequency PCB dhizaini pamusoro pe2G, ndeipi mitemo inofanirwa kutevedzera microstrip?
Kune dhizaini yeRF microstrip mitsara, zvinodikanwa kushandisa 3D yekuongorora maturusi emunda kuburitsa mitsara yekufambisa.Mitemo yese inofanirwa kutsanangurwa mune ino munda wekubvisa chishandiso.
36. Kune PCB ine ese masaini edhijitari, pane 80MHz wachi sosi pabhodhi.Pamusoro pekushandisa waya mesh (grounding), rudzii rwedunhu rinofanira kushandiswa kudzivirira kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekugona kutyaira?
Kuve nechokwadi chekutyaira kugona kwewachi, haifanirwe kuitika kuburikidza nekudzivirira.Kazhinji, wachi inoshandiswa kutyaira chip.Kunetseka kwakawanda nezve kugona kwewachi kunokonzerwa nekuremerwa kwewachi yakawanda.Chipi chemutyairi wewachi chinoshandiswa kushandura chiratidzo chewachi kuita akati wandei, uye chinongedzo-ku-point chinogamuchirwa.Paunenge uchisarudza chipu chemutyairi, mukuwedzera pakuona kuti inoenderana nemutoro uye mupendero wechiratidzo unosangana nezvinodiwa (kazhinji, wachi chiratidzo chinoshanda kumucheto), kana uchiverenga nguva yehurongwa, kunonoka kwewachi mumutyairi. chip inofanira kuverengerwa.
37. Kana bhodhi rechiratidzo chewachi rakaparadzana richishandiswa, rudzii rwechimiro chinowanzo shandiswa kuve nechokwadi chekuti kutapurirana kwechiratidzo chewachi kunokanganisa zvishoma?
Iyo ipfupi chiratidzo chewachi, idiki iyo yekufambisa mutsara mhedzisiro.Kushandisa bhodhi yewachi yakaparadzana kuchawedzera kureba kwechiratidzo.Uye simba repasi rebhodhi zvakare dambudziko.Nokuda kwekutumira kure-kure, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa zviratidzo zvakasiyana.L saizi inogona kusangana nedhiraivha inodiwa, asi wachi yako haina kukurumidza, haina kufanira.
38, 27M, SDRAM clock line (80M-90M), yechipiri uye yechitatu harmonics yewachi mitsetse inongova muVHF bhendi, uye kupindira kwakakura kwazvo mushure mokunge mhepo yakakwirira inopinda kubva kumagumo ekugamuchira.Pamusoro pekupfupisa urefu hwemutsara, ndedzipi dzimwe nzira dzakanaka?
Kana yechitatu harmonic yakakura uye yechipiri harmonic idiki, zvingave nekuti chiratidzo chebasa kutenderera i50%, nekuti mune iyi kesi, chiratidzo hachina kana harmoniki.Panguva ino, zvinodikanwa kugadzirisa chiratidzo chebasa rekutenderera.Uye zvakare, kana chiratidzo chewachi chiri unidirectional, iyo sosi yekupedzisira yakatevedzana inoenderana inowanzo shandiswa.Izvi zvinodzvanya zviratidziro zvechipiri pasina kukanganisa mwero wewachi.Iko kukosha kwekufananidza pamagumo ekupedzisira kunogona kuwanikwa nekushandisa fomula mumufananidzo uri pazasi.
39. Chii chinonzi topology ye wiring?
Topology, mamwe anonziwo routing order.Kune iyo wiring order ye multi-port yakabatana network.
40. Nzira yekugadzirisa sei topology ye wiring kuti uvandudze kuvimbika kwechiratidzo?
Rudzi urwu rwekufambiswa kwechiratidzo chetiweki rwakanyanya kuomarara, nekuti kune imwe-nzira, maviri-masaini masaini, uye masaini emazinga akasiyana, iyo topology ine maitiro akasiyana, uye zvakaoma kutaura kuti ndeipi topology inobatsira kumhando yechiratidzo.Uyezve, kana uchiita pre-simulation, iyo topology yekushandisa inoda zvakanyanya mainjiniya, uye inoda kunzwisiswa kwemisimboti yedunhu, mhando dzechiratidzo, uye kunyangwe kunetsa kwewaya.
41. Nzira yekuderedza sei EMI matambudziko nekugadzirisa stackup?
Chekutanga pane zvese, EMI inofanirwa kutariswa kubva kuhurongwa, uye PCB yega haigone kugadzirisa dambudziko.Kune EMI, ini ndinofunga kuti stacking inonyanya kupa ipfupi chiratidzo chekudzoka nzira, kuderedza nzvimbo yekubatanidza, uye kudzvanyirira musiyano wemodhi kupindira.Uye zvakare, iyo yepasi layer uye iyo simba layer yakanyatso kubatanidzwa, uye iyo yekuwedzera yakakura zvakakodzera kupfuura iyo simba layer, iyo yakanaka kudzvanyirira common-mode kupindira.
42. Ko mhangura inoisirwei?
Kazhinji, pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekuisa mhangura.
1. EMC.Kune nzvimbo yakakura-nzvimbo kana mhangura yemagetsi, ichaita basa rekudzivirira, uye mamwe anokosha, akadai sePGND, achaita basa rekudzivirira.
2. PCB process zvinodiwa.Kazhinji, kuitira kuti uve nechokwadi chekuita kwe electroplating kana lamination pasina deformation, mhangura inoiswa paPCB layer ine wiring shoma.
3. Chiratidzo chekutendeseka zvinodiwa, kupa high-frequency digital signals nzira yekudzoka yakakwana, uye kuderedza wiring yeDC network.Zvechokwadi, kunewo zvikonzero zvekupisa kupisa, kuiswa kwechigadzirwa chakakosha kunoda kuisa mhangura, nezvimwe zvakadaro.
43. Muchirongwa, dsp uye pld zvinosanganisirwa, ndeapi matambudziko anofanirwa kutariswa kana wiring?
Tarisa chiyero chechiratidzo chechiratidzo chako kusvika pakureba kwewaya.Kana kunonoka kwechiratidzo pamutsetse wekutumira kuchifananidzwa nenguva yekuchinja kwechiratidzo, dambudziko rekuvimbika kwechiratidzo rinofanira kutariswa.Uye zvakare, kune akawanda maDSPs, wachi uye data chiratidzo chekutungamira topology inokanganisawo chiratidzo chemhando uye nguva, inoda kutariswa.
44. Kuwedzera kune protel chishandiso wiring, pane zvimwe zvakanaka zvishandiso?
Kana ari maturusi, kuwedzera kuPROTEL, kune akawanda maturusi ewaya, akadai seMENTOR's WG2000, EN2000 series uye powerpcb, Cadence's allegro, zuken's cadstar, cr5000, nezvimwewo, imwe neimwe iine simba rayo.
45. Chii chinonzi “nzira yekudzoka nechiratidzo”?
Chiratidzo chekudzoka nzira, kureva, kudzoka ikozvino.Kana chiratidzo chedhijitari chepamusoro-chinofambiswa, chiratidzo chinoyerera kubva kumutyairi pamwe nePCB yekufambisa mutsara kuenda kumutoro, uye ipapo mutoro unodzokera kumutyairi kumagumo pamwe nepasi kana simba rekupa kuburikidza nepfupi nzira.
Ichi chiratidzo chekudzoka pasi kana magetsi chinodaidzwa kuti chiratidzo chekudzoka nzira.Dr.Johnson akatsanangura mubhuku rake kuti high-frequency signal transmission ndiyo nzira yekuchaja iyo dielectric capacitance sandwiched between transmission line and the DC layer.Izvo SI inoongorora ndeye electromagnetic zvimiro zveiyi yakavharirwa uye kubatana pakati pavo.
46. Maitiro ekuita ongororo yeSI pane zvibatanidza?
Mune iyo IBIS3.2 yakatarwa, pane tsananguro yeiyo yekubatanidza modhi.Kazhinji shandisa iyo EBD modhi.Kana iri bhodhi rakakosha, senge backplane, modhi yeSPICE inodiwa.Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa akawanda-bhodhi simulation software (HYPERLYNX kana IS_multiboard).Paunenge uchivaka iyo yakawanda-bhodhi system, isa iyo yekugovera paramita yezvibatanidza, izvo zvinowanzowanikwa kubva kune yekubatanidza bhuku.Zvechokwadi, nzira iyi haizove yakarurama zvakakwana, asi chero bedzi iri mukati mehutano hunogamuchirwa.
47. Ndedzipi nzira dzekugumisa?
Kugumisa (terminal), inozivikanwawo sekufananidza.Kazhinji, zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yekufananidza, yakakamurwa kuita inoshingaira magumo ekufananidza uye terminal yekufananidza.Pakati pazvo, sosi yekuenzanisa kazhinji inopikisa nhevedzano inoenderana, uye terminal yekufananidza inowanzoenderana.Kune nzira dzakawanda, dzinosanganisira resistor kudhonza-kumusoro, resistor kudhonzera-pasi, Thevenin matching, AC matching, uye Schottky diode matching.
48. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinosarudza nzira yekugumisa (kufananidza)?
Iyo yekufananidza nzira inowanzo tsanangurwa neiyo BUFFER maitiro, topology mamiriro, nhanho mhando uye nzira dzekutonga, uye chiratidzo chebasa kutenderera uye mashandisiro emagetsi system anofanirawo kutariswa.
49. Ndeipi mitemo yenzira yekugumisa (kufananidza)?
Nyaya inonyanya kukosha mumaseketi edhijitari idambudziko renguva.Chinangwa chekuwedzera kuenzanisa ndechekuvandudza mhando yechiratidzo uye kuwana chiratidzo chinogadziriswa panguva yekutonga.Kune nhanho inoshanda masaini, iyo yemhando yechiratidzo yakagadzikana pasi pechimiro chekuona kumisikidzwa uye kubata nguva;kune kunonoka kunoshanda masaini, pasi pechimiro chekuvimbisa kunonoka kwechiratidzo monotonicity, chiratidzo chekuchinja kunonoka kumhanya kunosangana nezvinodiwa.Pane zvimwe zvinhu pakuenzanisa muMentor ICX chigadzirwa chinyorwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, "High Speed Digital dhizaini bhuku remaoko reblackmagic" ine chitsauko chakatsaurirwa kune iyo terminal, iyo inotsanangura basa rekufananidza pachiratidzo chekuvimbika kubva pamusimboti wemafungu emagetsi, anogona kushandiswa kunongedzera.
50. Ndinogona here kushandisa iyo IBIS modhi yechishandiso kutevedzera logic basa remudziyo?Kana zvisina kudaro, bhodhi-level uye system-level simulations yedunhu ingaitwe sei?
IBIS modhi imhando yemazinga ehunhu uye haigone kushandiswa kuita mashandiro ekuenzanisa.Pakufananidza kunoshanda, modhi dzeSPICE kana mamwe magadzirirwo-chikamu modhi inodiwa.
51. Muchirongwa umo digitaalinen uye analog inobatana, kune nzira mbiri dzekugadzirisa.Imwe ndeyekuparadzanisa ivhu redhijitari kubva kune analog pasi.Mabheji akabatanidzwa, asi magetsi haana kuparadzaniswa;imwe yacho ndeyekuti magetsi eanalogi uye magetsi emagetsi anoparadzaniswa uye akabatanidzwa neFB, uye pasi ivhu rakabatana.Ndinoda kubvunza VaLi, kana mhedzisiro yenzira mbiri idzi yakafanana?
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti zvakafanana musimboti.Nokuti simba uye pasi zvakaenzana ne-high-frequency signals.
Chinangwa chekusiyanisa pakati peanalogi uye zvikamu zvedhijitari ndeyekupokana-kupindira, kunyanya kupindira kwemaseketi edhijitari kumaseketi eanalog.Nekudaro, kupatsanurwa kunogona kukonzera isina kukwana chiratidzo chekudzoka nzira, inokanganisa chiratidzo chechiratidzo chedhijitari uye kukanganisa EMC mhando yehurongwa.
Naizvozvo, zvisinei kuti ndeipi ndege yakakamurwa, zvinoenderana nekuti nzira yekudzoka chiratidzo yakawedzera uye kuti yakawanda sei chiratidzo chekudzoka chinokanganisa neyakajairwa kushanda chiratidzo.Ikozvino kune zvakare mamwe magadzirirwo akasanganiswa, zvisinei nekupa magetsi uye pasi, kana uchiisa kunze, patsanura marongero uye wiring zvinoenderana nedhijitari chikamu uye chikamu cheanalogi kuti udzivise masaini ekuyambuka-regional.
52. Mitemo yekuchengetedza: Ndezvipi zvinorehwa neFCC neEMC?
FCC: federal communication commission American Communications Commission
EMC: electromagnetic kuenderana electromagnetic kuenderana
FCC isangano rezviyero, EMC chiyero.Kune zvikonzero zvinoenderana, zviyero uye nzira dzekuyedza dzekushambadza zviyero.
53. Chii chinonzi kusiyana kwekugovera?
Masaini akasiyana, mamwe ayo anonziwo masaini masaini, anoshandisa maviri akafanana, akatarisana-masaini masaini kuendesa imwe chiteshi che data, uye kuvimba nemusiyano wenhanho yezviratidzo zviviri pakutonga.Kuti uone kuti zviratidzo zviviri zvakanyatsoenderana, zvinofanirwa kuchengetwa zvakaenzana panguva ye wiring, uye upamhi hwemutsara uye mutsara wemutsara unoramba usina kuchinja.
54. Chii chinonzi PCB simulation software?
Kune marudzi akawanda ekuenzanisa, high-speed digital circuit signal integrity analysis simulation analysis (SI) software inowanzoshandiswa ndeye icx, signalvision, hyperlynx, XTK, spectraquest, nezvimwewo. Vamwe vanoshandisawo Hspice.
55. Ko PCB simulation software inoita sei LAYOUT simulation?
Mumaseketi edhijitari anomhanya-mhanya, kuitira kuti uvandudze mhando yechiratidzo uye kuderedza kuomarara kwewaya, mabhodhi e-multi-layer anowanzo shandiswa kugovera akakosha masimba akaturikidzana uye pasi pasi.
56. Nzira yekuita sei nekugadzirisa uye wiring kuti uone kugadzikana kwezviratidzo pamusoro pe50M
Kiyi kune yakakwirira-yekumhanya yedhijitari chiratidzo wiring ndeyekudzikisa kukanganiswa kwemitsara yekutumira pamhando yechiratidzo.Naizvozvo, kurongeka kwemasaini ekumhanya-mhanya pamusoro pe100M kunoda kuti masaini echiratidzo ave mapfupi sezvinobvira.Mumaseketi edhijitari, masaini ekumhanya-mhanya anotsanangurwa nechiratidzo chekunonoka kunonoka nguva.Uyezve, marudzi akasiyana emasaini (akadai seTTL, GTL, LVTTL) ane nzira dzakasiyana dzekuona chiratidzo chemhando.
57. Chikamu cheRF chechikamu chekunze, chikamu chepakati chefrequency, uye kunyange chikamu chepasi-frequency chedunhu chinotarisa chikamu chekunze chinowanzoiswa paPCB imwechete.Ndezvipi zvinodikanwa zvezvinhu zvePCB yakadaro?Nzira yekudzivirira sei RF, IF uye kunyange yakaderera frequency maseketi kubva kupindirana?
Hybrid circuit design idambudziko guru.Zvakaoma kuwana mhinduro yakakwana.
Kazhinji, redhiyo frequency redhiyo inoiswa kunze uye yakapetwa seyakazvimirira bhodhi muhurongwa, uye kune kunyange yakakosha yekudzivirira mhango.Zvakare, iyo RF dunhu rinowanzo kuve rimwechete-padivi kana kaviri-mativi, uye dunhu rakapusa, ese ari ekudzikisa maitiro ekugovera paramita yeRF wedunhu uye kugadzirisa kuenderana kweRF system.
Kuenzaniswa neyakajairwa FR4 zvinhu, RF edunhu mabhodhi anowanzo kushandisa yakakwirira-Q substrates.Iyo dielectric yenguva dzose yechinhu ichi idiki, iyo yakagoverwa capacitance yetambo yekufambisa idiki, iyo impedance yakakwira, uye kunonoka kwekutumira chiratidzo kudiki.Mune hybrid dhizaini dhizaini, kunyangwe RF nemadhijitari maseketi akavakirwa paPCB imwe chete, anowanzo kupatsanurwa kuita RF redunhu nharaunda uye dhijitari yedunhu dunhu, iro rakaiswa kunze uye newaya zvakasiyana.Shandisa pasi vias uye nhovo mabhokisi pakati pavo.
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Mentor's board-level system dhizaini software, kuwedzera kune ekutanga dhizaini dhizaini mabasa, zvakare ine yakatsaurirwa RF dhizaini module.MuRF schematic dhizaini module, parameterized mudziyo modhi inopihwa, uye bidirectional interface ine RF yedunhu ongororo uye maturusi ekuenzanisa seEESOFT anopihwa;muRF LAYOUT module, basa rekugadzirisa patani rinonyanya kushandiswa kuRF redunhu uye wiring rinopihwa, uye kune zvakare Iyo nzira mbiri dzeRF yedunhu rekuongorora uye maturusi ekuenzanisa akadai seEESOFT anogona kudzoreredza-kunyora mhedzisiro yekuongorora uye. simulation kudzokera kune schematic diagiramu uye PCB.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kushandisa dhizaini manejimendi basa reMentor software, dhizaini reuse, dhizaini inotorwa, uye dhizaini yekubatana inogona kuitika nyore.Kurumidza kukurumidzira iyo hybrid yedunhu dhizaini maitiro.Iyo nhare mbozha bhodhi ndeye yakajairwa yakasanganiswa yedunhu dhizaini, uye mazhinji makuru ekugadzira nharembozha anogadzira anoshandisa Mentor plus Angelon's eesoft sepuratifomu yekugadzira.
59. Chii chinonzi chigadzirwa cheMentor?
Mentor Graphics 'PCB maturusi anosanganisira WG (yaimbova veribest) akatevedzana uye Enterprise (boardstation) akatevedzana.
60. Mentor's PCB design software inotsigira sei BGA, PGA, COB nemamwe mapakeji?
Mentor's autoactive RE, yakagadziridzwa kubva mukutorwa kweVeribest, ndiyo yekutanga indasitiri isina gridless, chero-angle router.Sezvatinoziva tese, kune bhora grid arrays, COB zvishandiso, gridless, uye chero-angle ma routers ndiwo kiyi yekugadzirisa chiyero chenzira.Mune ichangoburwa otomatiki RE, mabasa akadai sekusundira vias, copper foil, REROUTE, nezvimwe zvakawedzerwa kuti zvive nyore kushandisa.Pamusoro pezvo, anotsigira nzira yekumhanya-mhanya, kusanganisira kutenderera kwechiratidzo uye kusiyanisa pairing routing pamwe nekunonoka nguva zvinodiwa.
61. Mentor's PCB design software inobata sei musiyano wemitsara pairi?
Mushure mekunge Mentor software yatsanangura zvimiro zvepairi yekusiyanisa, maviri maviri akasiyana anogona kufambiswa pamwe chete, uye hupamhi hwemutsara, kupatsanura uye kureba kweaya akasiyana anovimbiswa.Ivo vanogona kupatsanurwa otomatiki kana vasangana nezvipingamupinyi, uye iyo via nzira inogona kusarudzwa kana ichichinja mataira.
62. Pane 12-layer PCB board, pane matatu magetsi emagetsi 2.2v, 3.3v, 5v, uye chimwe nechimwe chezvitatu zvemagetsi chiri pane imwe nhanho.Nzira yekubata nayo pasi wire?
Kazhinji, iwo matatu magetsi emagetsi akateedzana akarongwa pauriri hwechitatu, zviri nani kune chiratidzo chemhando.Nekuti hazvigoneke kuti chiratidzo chichapatsanurwa pazvikamu zvendege.Muchinjikwa-segmentation chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa chiratidzo chemhando iyo inowanzo furatirwa nesimulation software.Kune ndege dzemagetsi nendege dzepasi, zvakaenzana neakakwira-frequency masaini.Mukuita, kunze kwekufunga nezvemhando yechiratidzo, kubatanidza ndege yemagetsi (uchishandisa iyo yakatarisana nendege yepasi kuderedza iyo AC impedance yendege yemagetsi) uye stacking symmetry zvinhu zvese zvinoda kutariswa.
63. Nzira yekutarisa kana PCB inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira kana yabva mufekitari?
Vazhinji vagadziri vePCB vanofanirwa kupfuura nemagetsi-panetiweki yekuenderera bvunzo iyo PCB isati yapera kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvese zvinongedzo ndizvo.Panguva imwecheteyo, vagadziri vanowedzera vari kushandisawo x-ray bvunzo kuti vatarise zvimwe zvikanganiso panguva yekucheka kana lamination.
Kune bhodhi rakapedzwa mushure mekugadziriswa kwechigamba, ICT bvunzo yekuongorora inowanzo shandiswa, izvo zvinoda kuwedzera ICT bvunzo mapoinzi panguva yePCB dhizaini.Kana pane dambudziko, chigadzirwa chakakosha che X-ray chekuongorora chinogonawo kushandiswa kutonga kunze kwekuti kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekugadzirisa.
64. "Kudzivirirwa kwechigadziro" ndiko kudzivirira kwebhokisi?
Ehe.Iyo casing inofanirwa kuve yakasimba sezvinobvira, shandisa zvishoma kana kusave nezvinhu zvinoitisa, uye zvidzike zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
65. Zvakakosha here kufunga nezve dambudziko re esd ye chip pachayo pakusarudza chip?
Kunyangwe iri kaviri-layer board kana akawanda-layer board, nzvimbo yepasi inofanira kuwedzerwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.Pakusarudza chip, iyo ESD maitiro eiyo chip pachayo anofanirwa kutariswa.Izvi zvinowanzotaurwa murondedzero yechip, uye kunyangwe kuita kweiyo chip kubva kune vakasiyana vagadziri kuchave kwakasiyana.
Teerera zvakanyanya kune dhizaini uye funga nezvayo zvakanyanya, uye kushanda kwebhodhi redunhu kuchavimbiswa kune imwe nhanho.Asi dambudziko reESD rinogona kuramba richionekwa, saka kuchengetedzwa kwesangano kwakakoshawo pakudzivirira ESD.
66. Paunenge uchigadzira pcb board, kuitira kuderedza kupindira, tambo yepasi inofanira kuumba fomu yakavharwa here?
Paunenge uchigadzira mabhodhi ePCB, kazhinji kutaura, zvinodikanwa kudzikisa nzvimbo yechiuno kuti uderedze kupindira.Paunenge uchiisa tambo yepasi, haifaniri kuiswa mufomu yakavharwa, asi mune dendritic chimiro.Nzvimbo yepasi.
67. Kana iyo emulator inoshandisa imwe magetsi uye pcb board inoshandisa imwe magetsi, zvikonzero zvemasimba maviri emagetsi zvinofanira kubatanidzwa pamwechete?
Zvingave zviri nani kana magetsi akasiyana anogona kushandiswa, nekuti hazvisi nyore kukonzera kupindirana pakati pemagetsi, asi mazhinji emidziyo ane zvinodiwa chaizvo.Sezvo emulator nePCB board vachishandisa magetsi maviri, handifunge kuti vanofanirwa kugovana ivhu rakafanana.
68. A redunhu inoumbwa akati wandei pcb mapuranga.Vanofanira kugoverana pasi here?
Dunhu rine maPCB akati wandei, mazhinji acho anoda nzvimbo yakafanana, nekuti hazvishande kushandisa akati wandei magetsi mune imwe dunhu.Asi kana uine mamiriro chaiwo, unogona kushandisa magetsi akasiyana, zvechokwadi kupindira kuchava kuduku.
69. Gadzira chigadzirwa chemaoko neLCD uye shell yesimbi.Paunenge uchiyedza ESD, haigone kupasa bvunzo yeICE-1000-4-2, CONTACT inogona kungopfuura 1100V, uye AIR inogona kupfuura 6000V.Muye ESD yekubatanidza bvunzo, yakachinjika inogona kungopfuura 3000V, uye yakatwasuka inogona kupfuura 4000V.CPU frequency ndeye 33MHZ.Pane chero nzira yekupasa ESD bvunzo?
Zvigadzirwa zvemaoko isimbi casings, saka matambudziko eSDD anofanira kunge ari pachena, uye maLCD anogonawo kunge aine zvimwe zvinoipisisa.Kana pasina nzira yekushandura simbi iripo, zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzera zvinhu zvinopesana nemagetsi mukati mekugadzirisa kusimbisa pasi rePCB, uye panguva imwechete kuwana nzira yekudzikisa pasi LCD.Ehe, maitiro ekushanda zvinoenderana nemamiriro chaiwo.
70. Paunenge uchigadzira hurongwa hune DSP nePLD, ndeapi maitiro anofanira kutariswa ESD?
Nezve iyo general system ine chekuita, zvikamu zvinosangana zvakananga nemuviri wemunhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya, uye kuchengetedzwa kwakakodzera kunofanirwa kuitwa padunhu uye michina.Kana zviri zvekuti ESD ichaita sei pane system, zvinoenderana nemamiriro akasiyana.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-19-2023