Fa'afeiloa'i i la matou upega tafa'ilagi.

O ituaiga autu o microcircuits gaosia e kamupani semiconductor

O le au fai saofaga a Investopedia e sau mai le tele o talaaga, faatasi ai ma le faitau afe o tusitala ma faatonu o loʻo saofagā i luga o le 24 tausaga.
E lua ituaiga tupe meataalo na gaosia e kamupani semiconductor.E masani lava, o meataalo e fa'avasegaina e tusa ai ma a latou galuega.Ae ui i lea, o nisi taimi e vaevaeina i ituaiga eseese e faʻatatau i le fesoʻotaʻiga fesoʻotaʻiga (IC) faʻaaogaina.
I tulaga o galuega, o vaega autu e fa o semiconductors o meataalo manatua, microprocessors, meataalo masani, ma faiga faʻalavelave i luga o se pu (SoC).E tusa ai ma le ituaiga o fesoʻotaʻiga tuʻufaʻatasia, e mafai ona vaevaeina tupe meataalo i ituaiga e tolu: meataalo numera, meataalo analog, ma meataalo hybrid.
Mai se vaaiga fa'atino, o meataalo manatua semiconductor e teuina fa'amaumauga ma polokalame i komepiuta ma masini e teu ai.
O meataalo avanoa fa'afuase'i (RAM) e maua ai avanoa faigaluega lē tumau, ae o meataalo flash memory e teuina fa'amatalaga tumau (sei vagana ua tape).Faitau Na'o le Manatu (ROM) ma Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) e le mafai ona suia.E ese mai ai, o meataalo e mafai ona tapeina e mafai ona faitau na'o le faitau (EPROM) ma meataalo e mafai ona tapeina na'o le faitau (EEPROM) e mafai ona sui.
O le microprocessor o lo'o i ai se tasi po'o le sili atu i totonu o le gaosiga o masini (CPU).Komipiuta servers, komepiuta patino (PCs), tablets ma smartphones atonu e tele masini.
O le 32-bit ma le 64-bit microprocessors i aso nei PC ma sapalai o loʻo faʻavae i luga o le x86, POWER, ma le SPARC chip architectures na fausia i le tele o tausaga talu ai.I le isi itu, o masini feaveaʻi e pei o telefoni feaveaʻi e masani ona faʻaogaina le fausaga o le ARM chip.E itiiti le malosi o le 8-bit, 16-bit, ma le 24-bit microprocessors (e taʻua o microcontrollers) e faʻaaogaina i oloa e pei o meataalo ma taavale.
I le tulaga fa'apitoa, o se masini fa'apipi'i ata (GPU) o se microprocessor e mafai ona tu'uina atu ata mo fa'aaliga i masini fa'aeletoroni.Faʻafeiloaʻi i le maketi lautele i le 1999, GPU ua lauiloa mo le tuʻuina atu o ata lamolemole o loʻo faʻamoemoeina e tagata faʻatau mai ata faʻaonaponei ma taaloga.
Aʻo leʻi oʻo mai le GPU i le tuai o 1990s, o faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻataʻitaʻiga na faia e le vaega tutotonu o le gaosiga (CPU).Pe a faʻaogaina faʻatasi ma le PPU, e mafai e le GPU ona faʻaleleia le faʻaogaina o komepiuta e ala i le faʻaaogaina o nisi o galuega faʻapitoa, e pei o le tuʻuina atu, mai le PPU.O lenei mea e faʻavavevave ai le faʻaogaina o talosaga aua e mafai e le GPU ona faia le tele o faʻatusatusaga i le taimi e tasi.O lenei suiga e mafai ai foʻi ona faʻatupuina le faʻaogaina o polokalama faʻapipiʻi sili atu ma punaoa faʻapitoa ma gaioiga e pei o le cryptocurrency mining.
Industrial Integrated Circuits (CICs) o microcircuits faigofie e fa'aaogaina e fa'atino ai faiga fa'agasolo.O nei tupe meataalo e gaosia i le maualuga tele ma e masani ona faʻaaogaina i masini faʻamoemoe e tasi e pei o sikola barcode.O le maketi mo oloa fa'apipi'i fa'atasi o lo'o fa'aalia i le maualalo o fa'atauga ma o lo'o pulea e le au gaosi semiconductor tetele a Asia.Afai e faia se IC mo se faʻamoemoega faʻapitoa, e taʻua o le ASIC poʻo le Application Specific Integrated Circuit.Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, bitcoin mining i aso nei e faia i le fesoasoani a se ASIC, lea e naʻo le tasi le galuega: mining.Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) o se isi IC masani e mafai ona faʻapipiʻiina i faʻamatalaga gaosi.
SoC (system on a chip) o se tasi lea o ituaiga meataalo fou ma sili ona lauiloa i tagata gaosi oloa fou.I totonu o se SoC, o mea faʻaeletoroni uma e manaʻomia mo le faiga atoa e fausia i totonu o se pu e tasi.SoCs e sili atu le faʻaogaina nai lo meataalo microcontroller, lea e masani ona tuʻufaʻatasia le PPU ma le RAM, ROM, ma le faʻaoga / gaioiga (I / O).I smartphones, e mafai foi e SoCs ona tuʻufaʻatasia ata, mea pueata, ma leo ma vitio gaioiga.O le fa'aopoopoina o se pu fa'atonutonu ma se pu leitio e maua ai se vaifofo e tolu-chip.
I le faia o se isi auala i le faʻavasegaina o meataalo, o le tele o masini komepiuta faʻaonaponei e faʻaogaina masini numera.O nei ta'amilosaga e masani ona tu'ufa'atasia transistors ma faitoto'a fa'atatau.O nisi taimi e fa'aopoopoina ai se microcontroller.E fa'aogaina e ta'amilosaga fa'atekinolosi fa'ailoga fa'atekinolosi, e masani lava ona fa'avae i luga o se va'aiga lua.E lua volisi eseese ua tu'uina atu, e ta'itasi e fai ma sui o se tau talafeagai.
O meataalo analog ua tele lava (ae le'o atoa) ua suia i tupe meataalo numera.O tupe meataalo e masani lava o meataalo analog.O fa'ailoga lautele o lo'o mana'omia pea IC analog ma o lo'o fa'aaogaina pea e fai ma masini.I le analog circuits, voltage ma le taimi nei o loʻo faʻaauau pea ona suia i nisi vaega o le matagaluega.
Analog ICs e masani ona aofia ai transistors ma vaega passive e pei o inductors, capacitors, ma resistors.Analog ICs e sili atu ona faigofie i le pisapisao poʻo suiga laiti voltage, lea e mafai ona oʻo atu ai i mea sese.
Semiconductors mo ta'amilosaga fa'atosina e masani lava o IC numera fa'atasi ma tekonolosi fa'aopoopo e galulue fa'atasi ma fa'asologa fa'atusa ma numera.Microcontrollers e mafai ona aofia ai se analog-to-digital converter (ADC) e faʻafesoʻotaʻi ma analog microcircuits pei o masini vevela.
I se eseesega, o le numera-i-analog converter (DAC) e mafai ai e le microcontroller ona gaosia voltage analog e faʻasalalau le leo e ala i se masini analog.
Ole alamanuia semiconductor e aoga ma malosi, fa'afouina i le tele o vaega ole maketi tau komepiuta ma mea tau eletise.O le iloa po'o a ituaiga o kamupani semiconductors e gaosia e pei o PPU, GPU, ASIC e mafai ona fesoasoani ia te oe e faia ai fa'aiuga sili atu ona atamai ma sili atu ona malamalama i tupe teufaafaigaluega i vaega o alamanuia.


Taimi meli: Iuni-29-2023