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Super faʻamatalaga faʻamatalaga e uiga i PCB

PCBe faia i tekinolosi lomitusi faaeletonika, o lea e taʻua o laupapa matagaluega lolomi.Toeitiiti lava o ituaiga uma o meafaigaluega faaeletonika, e amata mai i taliga, maa, calculators, i komepiuta, mea tau fesootaiga, vaalele, satelite, pe afai e faaaoga vaega faaeletonika e pei o le tuufaatasia circuits, PCBs faaaogaina mo le fesootaiga eletise i le va o latou.

PCB ma PCBA o PCBs ma vaega unmounted, PCBA (Printed Circuit Board Assembly), o lona uiga, PCBs faaauupegaina i vaega faaeletonika (e pei o tupe meataalo, connectors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, ma isi).

PCB

Le amataga ole PCB
I le 1925, na lolomi ai e Charles Ducas i le Iunaite Setete (o le na amataina le auala faʻaopoopo) se mamanu faʻasalalau i luga o se mea faʻapipiʻi, ona faʻamanuiaina lea o se taʻavale e pei o se uaea e ala i le eletise.

I le 1936, o le Austrian Paul Eisler (o le na amataina le auala toesea) o le tagata muamua na faʻaaogaina laupapa faʻasalalau lolomi i leitio.

I le 1943, na faʻaaogaina e tagata Amerika le tekinolosi i leitio a le militeri.I le 1948, na aloaia aloaia ai e le Iunaite Setete le mea fou mo le faʻaaogaina faapisinisi.

O laupapa fa'asalalau lolomi ua na'o le fa'aaogaina lautele talu mai le ogatotonu o le 1950, ma o aso nei latou te puleaina le pisinisi fa'aeletonika.

O laupapa fa'asalalau lolomi ua fa'atupuina mai le tasi-layer i le itu-lua, multi-layer ma fetuutuunai, ma o lo'o fa'atumauina pea a latou lava atina'e.Ona o le faʻaauauina o le atinaʻe i le itu o le maualuga maualuga, maualuga le maualuga ma le maualuga o le faʻatuatuaina, faʻaitiitiga faifaipea i le tele, faʻaititia o tau ma le faʻaleleia atili o le faʻatinoga, o loʻo tumau pea le malosi o le faʻaogaina o laupapa faʻasalalau i le atinaʻeina o masini eletise i le lumanaʻi.

Talanoaga i le lumanaʻi o le atinaʻeina o tekonolosi fale gaosi oloa lolomi i le fale ma fafo e faʻamautu, o lona uiga, i le maualuga maualuga, maualuga maualuga, faʻamaʻi lelei, uaea manifinifi, laʻititi laʻititi, maualuga le faʻatuatuaina, multi-layer, faʻasalalauga maualuga. , mama mamafa E tusa ai ma le gaosiga, o loʻo faʻalauteleina i le itu o le faʻateleina o le gaosiga, faʻaitiitia o tau, faʻaitiitia le faʻaleagaina, ma le fetuutuunai i le tele-vaʻaiga ma le gaosiga laiti.

Le matafaioi a le PCB
Aʻo leʻi faʻaalia le laupapa matagaluega lolomi, o le fesoʻotaʻiga i le va o mea faʻaeletoroni sa fesoʻotaʻi saʻo i uaea e fausia ai se taamilosaga atoa.

A maeʻa ona faʻaaogaina e mea faʻaeletoroni laupapa faʻasalalau lolomi, ona o le tutusa o laupapa faʻasalalau lolomi tutusa, e aloese mai mea sese i le faʻaogaina o tusi.

E mafai e le laupapa faʻasalalau lolomi ona tuʻuina atu le lagolago faʻainisinia mo le faʻapipiʻiina ma le faʻapipiʻiina o mea faʻaeletoroni eseese e pei o fesoʻotaʻiga tuʻufaʻatasia, faʻamaeʻaina le uaea ma fesoʻotaʻiga eletise poʻo le faʻaogaina o le eletise i le va o vaega faʻaeletoroni eseese e pei o fesoʻotaʻiga tuʻufaʻatasia, ma tuʻuina atu uiga eletise manaʻomia, e pei o uiga Impedance, ma isi, e mafai ona tuʻuina atu faʻataʻitaʻiga ufimata solder mo solder otometi, ma tuʻuina atu faʻamatalaga faʻamaonia ma ata mo le faʻaofiina o vaega, asiasiga, ma le tausiga.
Fa'avasegaina o PCB
1. Fa'avasegaga i fa'amoemoega
laupapa lolomi fa'asalalau (tagata fa'atau): laupapa fa'asalalau lolomi e fa'aaogaina i meata'alo, meapueata, televise, mea fa'alogo, telefoni fe'avea'i, ma isi.
laupapa fa'asalalau lolomi fa'apisinisi (meafaigaluega): laupapa fa'asalalau lolomi fa'aoga i le saogalemu, ta'avale, komepiuta, masini feso'ota'iga, meafaifa'aili, ma isi.
laupapa lolomi a le militeri: laupapa fa'asalalau lolomi fa'aaogaina i le vateatea ma le radar, ma isi.

2. Fa'avasegaga ile ituaiga substrate
laupapa lolomi lolomi pepa: laupapa fa'asalalau lolomi pepa fa'akomepiuta, laupapa fa'apipi'i lolomi pepa epoxy, ma isi.
laupapa lolomi fa'atatau ie tioata: laupapa fa'asalalau lolomi fa'avae tioata epoxy, laupapa fa'asalalau lolomi fa'avae tioata PTFE, ma isi.
laupapa fa'asalalau lolomi alava fa'akomepiuta: laupapa fa'apipi'i lolomi alava fa'a epoxy, ma isi.
laupapa fa'asalalau lolomi ata tifaga fa'aletino: laupapa fa'asalalau lolomi ata nailo, ma isi.
laupapa fa'asalalau lolomi sima.
laupapa fa'asalalau lolomi fa'avae u'amea.
3. Fa'avasegaga ile fausaga
E tusa ai ma le fausaga, e mafai ona vaevaeina laupapa faʻasalalau lolomi i laupapa faʻasalalau lolomi lolomi, laupapa faʻasalalau lolomi fetuutuunai ma laupapa faʻapipiʻi lolomi lolomi.

Fa'avasegaina o laupapa ta'amilo

4. Fa'avasegaina e tusa ai ma le aofa'i o laulau
E tusa ai ma le aofaʻi o laupepa, e mafai ona vaevaeina laupapa faʻasalalau lolomi i laupapa e tasi itu, laupapa faʻalua, laupapa faʻapipiʻi ma laupapa HDI (papa fesoʻotaʻi maualuga).
1) Itu tasi
O le laupapa e tasi le itu e faasino i se laupapa matagaluega o loʻo faʻapipiʻiina naʻo le tasi itu (soldering itu) o le laupapa faʻasalalau, ma o vaega uma, faʻailoga vaega ma faʻamaufaʻailoga tusitusiga e tuʻu i le isi itu (itu vaega).

O le pito sili ona taua o le laulau e tasi-itu o lona tau maualalo ma le gaosiga faigofie.Ae ui i lea, talu ai o le uaea e mafai ona faia i luga o le tasi luga, o le uaea e sili atu ona faigata, ma o le uaea e faigofie ona toilalo, o lea e talafeagai ai mo nisi o taʻaloga faigofie.

Ata fa'ata'ita'i o le fa'atulagaina o le laulau e tasi

2) Itu lua
O le laupapa e lua itu e faʻapipiʻiina i itu uma e lua o le laupapa faʻapipiʻi, o le tasi itu e faʻaaogaina e pei o le pito i luga, ma le isi itu e faʻaaogaina e pei o le pito i lalo.O le pito i luga ma le pito i lalo e fesoʻotaʻi eletise e ala i vias.

E masani lava, o vaega i luga o se laupapa e lua-laupapa e tuʻuina i luga o le pito i luga;ae ui i lea, o nisi taimi e mafai ona tuʻu vaega i luga o laulau e lua ina ia faʻaitiitia ai le tele o le laupapa.O le laupapa lapisi lua o loʻo faʻaalia i le tau feololo ma faigofie uaea.O le ituaiga e masani ona faʻaaogaina i laupapa faʻasalalau masani.

Ata fa'ata'ita'i o le fausaga fa'ava-alua

3) laupapa faʻapipiʻi tele
O laupapa fa'asalalau lolomi e sili atu ma le lua fa'avae e ta'ua fa'atasi o laupapa fa'aopoopo.

Ata fa'ata'ita'i ole fausaga laupapa fa'apipi'i

4) laupapa HDI
O le HDI board ose laupapa fa'a-va'aiga fa'atasi ai ma le maualuga tele o le tufatufaina atu o le fa'aogaina e fa'aaoga ai tekinolosi pu e tanu-tauaso.

Ata fa'ata'ita'i ole fausaga laupapa HDI

fausaga PCB
O le PCB e tele lava ina aofia ai laminates apamemea (Copper Clad Laminates, CCL), prepreg (pepa PP), pepa apamemea (Copper Foil), solder mask (fa'aigoa o solder mask) (Solder Mask).I le taimi lava e tasi, ina ia mafai ona puipuia le pepa apamemea faʻaalia i luga o le fogaeleele ma faʻamautinoa le aʻafiaga o le uelo, e tatau foi ona faia togafitiga i luga o le PCB, ma o nisi taimi e faailogaina foi i mataitusi.

Fa'ata'ita'iga fa'asologa o le fausaga laupapa laupapa fa'avae PCB

1) Lamina Fa'aofuofu Kopa
O le laminate fa'aofuofu 'apamemea (CCL), e ta'ua o le laminate fa'aofuofu 'apamemea po'o le laminate fa'aofuofu 'apamemea, o mea fa'avae mo le gaosiga o laupapa fa'asalalau lolomi.O lo'o fa'apipi'iina i se mea fa'a-dielectric (resin, fiber glass) ma se ta'avale mama maualuga (pepa pepa).e faia i mea tu'ufa'atasi.

E leʻi oʻo i le 1960 na faʻaaogaina ai e le au gaosi oloa faʻapolofesa formaldehyde resin apamemea pepa e fai ma mea faavae e fai ai PCBs tasi itu, ma tuʻu i totonu o le maketi o tagata taʻalo faʻamaumauga, lipine puʻe, puʻe vitio, ma isi mulimuli ane, ona o le tulaʻi mai o le faaluaina. -itu e ala i-pu apamemea plateing tekinolosi gaosiga, vevela tetee, lapoa Stable epoxy substrates tioata ua faʻaaogaina lautele i le taimi nei.I aso nei, FR4, FR1, CEM3, ipu sima ma ipu Teflon e faʻaaogaina lautele.

I le taimi nei, o le PCB sili ona faʻaaogaina e faia e ala i le etching metotia o le filifili filifilia i luga o le laupapa uʻamea apamemea e maua ai le mamanu matagaluega manaʻomia.O le laminate fa'aofuina apamemea e masani lava ona maua ai ni galuega se tolu o le fa'aulufaleina, fa'aeseese ma le lagolago i luga o le laupapa fa'asalalau lolomi atoa.O le fa'atinoga, lelei ma le tau o le gaosiga o laupapa fa'asalalau lolomi e fa'alagolago tele i laminates fa'aofuina apamemea

laupapa fa'aofuina 'apamemea

2) Prepreg
Prepreg, lea e lauiloa foi o le pepa PP, o se tasi o mea autu i le gaosiga o laupapa multilayer.E masani ona faia i resini ma mea faʻamalosia.O mea faʻamalosia e vaevaeina i ie tioata fiber (e taʻua o le ie tioata), faʻavae pepa ma mea faʻapipiʻi.

O le tele o prepregs (pepa faʻapipiʻi) faʻaaogaina i le gaosiga o laupapa faʻasalalau lolomi faʻasalalau e faʻaaogaina ie tioata e fai ma mea faʻamalosia.O mea fa'amea manifinifi e faia e ala i le fa'asusuina o le ie tioata ua togafitia i le kelu resini, ona mua'i tao ai lea i togafitiga vevela e ta'ua o le prepreg.O prepregs e faamalulu i lalo o le vevela ma le mamafa ma faʻamalosi pe a malulu.

Talu ai o le numera o manoa vulu i le iunite umi o le ie tioata i le taua ma le lalaga e eseese, e tatau ona gauai atu i le taua ma le manoa o le prepreg pe a tipi.E masani lava, o le itu taua (le itu o loʻo faʻapipiʻiina ai le ie tioata) e filifilia e pei o le itu puupuu o le laupapa gaosiga, ma le itu o le weft o le itu o le itu umi o le laupapa gaosiga o le faʻamautinoa lea o le mafolafola o le laupapa. luga laupapa ma puipuia le laupapa gaosiga mai le milo ma deformed pe a uma ona vevela.

PP ata tifaga

3) Pepa apamemea
O le pepa apamemea o se pepa u'amea manifinifi, faifai pea e teuina i luga o le vaega pito i lalo o le laupapa matagaluega.I le avea ai o se taʻitaʻi o le PCB, e faigofie ona faʻapipiʻiina i le mea faʻapipiʻi ma faʻapipiʻi e fausia ai se mamanu faʻasolosolo.

E mafai ona vaevaeina pepa apamemea masani tau pisinisi i ni vaega se lua: apamemea ta'avale (RA apamemea) ma electrolytic apamemea pepa (ED apamemea pepa):
O lo'o i ai le ductility lelei ma isi uiga, ma o le pepa apamemea fa'aaogaina i le amataga o le laupapa vaivai;
Electrolytic apamemea pepa e maua ai le lelei o le tau gaosiga maualalo nai lo apamemea taai

pepa apamemea

4) Solder mask
O le solder resistance layer e faasino i le vaega o le laupapa matagaluega lolomi ma solder resistance vaitusi.

Solder tetee vaitusi e masani ona lanu meamata, ma o ni nai faaaogaina mumu, uliuli ma lanumoana, ma isi, o lea e masani ona taʻua solder tetee vaitusi suauu lanumeamata i le alamanuia PCB.O se vaega puipuia tumau o laupapa matagaluega lolomi, lea e mafai ona puipuia le susu, Anti-corrosion, anti-mildew ma masini abrasion, ma isi, ae puipuia foi vaega mai le uelo i nofoaga sese.

Solder mask

5) Togafitiga luga
"Lele" e pei ona faʻaogaina iinei e faʻatatau i le fesoʻotaʻiga i luga o le PCB e maua ai fesoʻotaʻiga eletise i le va o mea faʻaeletoroni poʻo isi faiga ma le taamilosaga i luga o le PCB, e pei o nofoaga fesoʻotaʻiga o pads poʻo fesoʻotaʻiga faʻafesoʻotaʻi.O le solderability o le apamemea ia lava e matua lelei, ae e faigofie ona oxidized ma faaleagaina pe a faʻaalia i le ea, o lea e tatau ona ufiufi se ata puipui i luga o le apamemea leai se mea.

O faiga masani PCB luga o togafitiga e aofia ai le HASL ta'ita'i, HASL ta'ita'i-leai, ufiufi fa'aola (Organic Solderability Preservatives, OSP), fa'atofu auro, fa'atofuina siliva, fa'atofuina apa ma tamatamailima fa'aulu auro, ma isi. are O le ta'imua HASL faagasologa ua faasolosolo ona faasaina.

O loʻo faʻaalia i le ata le faagasologa o togafitiga o luga ole PCB

6) Uiga
O le amio o le faʻasologa o tusitusiga, i le pito i luga o le PCB, e mafai ona toesea, ma e masani ona faʻaaogaina mo faʻamatalaga.

E masani lava, ina ia faʻafaigofie le faʻapipiʻiina ma le tausiga o le matagaluega, o mamanu faʻailoga manaʻomia ma faʻamaumauga tusitusia o loʻo lolomiina i luga ma pito i lalo o le laupapa lolomi, e pei o faʻailoga vaega ma tau faʻatatau, foliga faʻasologa o vaega ma faʻailoga gaosi oloa, gaosiga. faatali aso.

O mataitusi e masani lava ona lolomi e ala i le lomitusi screen

Lomitusi e ala ile lomitusi screen

 

 


Taimi meli: Mati-11-2023