Uwahimbye ikibaho cy’umuzunguruko cyacapwe ni umunya Otirishiya Paul Eisler, wayikoresheje kuri radiyo mu 1936. Mu 1943, Abanyamerika bakoresheje iryo koranabuhanga cyane mu maradiyo ya gisirikare.Mu 1948, Amerika yemeye kumugaragaro igihangano cyo gukoresha ubucuruzi.Ku ya 21 Kamena 1950, Paul Eisler yabonye uburenganzira bwa patenti bwo kuvumbura akanama k’umuzunguruko, kandi hashize imyaka 60 kuva icyo gihe.
Uyu muntu witwa "se wibibaho byumuzunguruko" afite uburambe bwubuzima, ariko ntibikunze kumenyekana nabandi bakora uruganda rwumuzunguruko wa PCB.
Impumyi-ibice 12 yashyinguwe ikoresheje ikibaho cyumuzunguruko wa PCB / ikibaho cyumuzunguruko
Mubyukuri, amateka yubuzima bwa Eisler, nkuko byasobanuwe mu gitabo cye cyandika ku buzima bwe, Ubuzima bwanjye hamwe n’imyandikire yanditswe, bisa n’igitabo cy’amayobera cyuzuyemo gutotezwa.
Eisler yavukiye muri Otirishiya mu 1907 arangiza impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'ubwubatsi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Vienne mu 1930. Icyo gihe yari amaze kwerekana impano yo kuba yaravumbuye.Ariko, intego ye ya mbere kwari ukubona akazi mu gihugu kitari Abanazi.Ariko ibihe byigihe cye byatumye injeniyeri wAbayahudi ahunga Otirishiya mu myaka ya za 1930, bityo mu 1934 abona akazi i Belgrade, muri Seribiya, akora sisitemu ya elegitoronike ya gari ya moshi zemerera abagenzi kwandika inyandiko zabo bwite binyuze kuri terefone, nka iPod.Ariko, akazi karangiye, umukiriya atanga ibiryo, ntabwo ari amafaranga.Ku bw'ivyo, yategerezwa gusubira muri kavukire ya Otirishiya.
Tugarutse muri Otirishiya, Eisler yagize uruhare mu binyamakuru, ashinga ikinyamakuru cya radiyo, atangira kwiga ubuhanga bwo gucapa.Gucapa byari ikoranabuhanga rikomeye mu myaka ya za 1930, atangira kwiyumvisha uburyo ikoranabuhanga ryo gucapa ryakoreshwa mu mizunguruko yo kubika insina hanyuma bigashyirwa mu musaruro rusange.
Mu 1936, yarafashe ingingo yo kuva muri Otirishiya.Yatumiriwe gukorera mu Bwongereza ashingiye kuri patenti ebyiri yari amaze gutanga: imwe yo gufata amashusho yerekana amashusho naho indi ya tereviziyo ya stereoskopi ifite imirongo ihanamye.
Ipatanti ye ya tereviziyo yagurishijwe amafaranga 250, yari ahagije kuba mu igorofa rya Hampstead igihe gito, cyari ikintu cyiza kuko atabonye akazi i Londres.Isosiyete imwe ya terefone yakunze rwose igitekerezo cye cyumuzingo wacapwe - gishobora gukuraho imigozi yinsinga zikoreshwa muri sisitemu ya terefone.
Kubera Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, Eisler yatangiye gushaka uburyo yakura umuryango we muri Otirishiya.Intambara imaze gutangira, mushiki we yiyahuye maze afungwa n’abongereza nk’abimukira batemewe.Ndetse yarafunzwe, Eisler yari agitekereza uburyo bwo gufasha intambara.
Amaze kurekurwa, Eisler yakoraga muri sosiyete icapa umuziki Henderson & Spalding.Ku ikubitiro, intego ye yari iyo gutunganya imashini yandika ya muzika ishushanya, idakorera muri laboratoire ahubwo yakoraga mu nyubako yatewe ibisasu.Umuyobozi w'ikigo HV Strong yahatiye Eisler gusinya patenti zose zagaragaye mubushakashatsi.Ntabwo aribwo bwa mbere, cyangwa ubwa nyuma, igihe Eisler yakoreshejwe.
Kimwe mu bibazo byo gukora mu gisirikare ni umwirondoro we: amaze kurekurwa.Ariko yakomeje kujya mu bashoramari kugira ngo baganire ku buryo imizunguruko ye yacapuwe yakoreshwa mu ntambara.
Binyuze mu mirimo ye muri Henderson & Spalding, Eisler yateje imbere igitekerezo cyo gukoresha ibishishwa byanditse kugirango yandike ibisobanuro kuri substrate.Ikibaho cye cyambere cyumuzunguruko cyasaga nkisahani ya spaghetti.Yatanze ipatanti mu 1943.
Ubwa mbere, ntamuntu numwe witaye kubyo byavumbuwe kugeza igihe byakoreshwaga kuri fuze yibisasu bya rutura kugirango birase ibisasu V-1buzz.Nyuma yibyo, Eisler yari afite akazi nicyamamare gito.Nyuma y'intambara, ikoranabuhanga ryarakwirakwiriye.Amerika yavuze mu 1948 ko ibikoresho byose byo mu kirere bigomba gucapurwa.
Ipatanti ya Eisler yo mu 1943 yaje kugabanywamo ibice bitatu bitandukanye: 639111 (imbaho eshatu zicapishijwe imizunguruko), 639178 (tekinoroji ya fayili yumuzingi wacapwe), na 639179 (icapiro ryifu).Ipatanti eshatu zatanzwe ku ya 21 Kamena 1950, ariko ibigo bike ni byo byahawe patenti.
Mu myaka ya za 1950, Eisler yongeye gukoreshwa, kuri iyi nshuro ubwo yakoraga mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubushakashatsi n’iterambere mu Bwongereza.Itsinda ryashyize ahagaragara patenti ya Eisler muri Amerika.Ariko yakomeje kugerageza no guhimba.Yaje afite ibitekerezo bya feri ya batiri, gushyushya wallpaper, ifuru ya pizza, ibishushanyo mbonera, idirishya ryinyuma rya defrosting, nibindi byinshi.Yageze ku ntsinzi mu buvuzi kandi apfa mu 1992 afite patenti nyinshi mu buzima bwe.Yahawe igihembo cya Institution of Electrical Engineers 'Nuffield silver Medal.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Gicurasi-17-2023