Ikibaho cyumuzingo cyacapwe (PCBs) ninkingi yibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho. Kuva kuri terefone zigendanwa kugeza kubikoresho byubuvuzi, ikibaho cya PCB gifite uruhare runini muguhuza no gutanga imikorere mubice bitandukanye bya elegitoroniki. Kugirango imikorere ikorwe neza, abashushanya PCB bagomba gutekereza kubintu byinshi, harimo no kugenzurwa. Muri iyi nyandiko ya blog, tuzacengera mu gitekerezo cyo kugenzura inzitizi ku mbaho za PCB kandi dusobanukirwe n'akamaro kayo mu kugera ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’umuzingi cyiza kandi cyizewe.
Ni ubuhe buryo bugenzurwa muri PCB?
Impedance irashobora gusobanurwa nkurwanya guhura nuguhinduranya amashanyarazi (AC) atembera mumuzunguruko. Igenzurwa ryagenzuwe ryerekeza cyane cyane kubushake bwingirakamaro kubushake kumurongo cyangwa umurongo wohereza kumurongo wa PCB.
Kugenzura Impedance nibyingenzi mugihe cyo gutunganya ibimenyetso byihuta bya digitale kuko bifasha kugumana uburinganire bwibimenyetso, kugabanya ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso, no kugabanya kwivanga kwa electronique (EMI). Iyo inzitizi itagenzuwe, irashobora gusenya ibimenyetso biranga ibimenyetso, bigatera kugoreka, ibibazo byigihe, hamwe no kwangirika kwimikorere muri rusange.
Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku mbogamizi zagenzuwe:
Kugirango ugere ku mbogamizi zagenzuwe nubuyobozi bwa PCB, hagomba gusuzumwa ibintu byinshi. Muri ibyo bintu harimo:
1. Kurikirana geometrie: Ubugari, ubugari hamwe nintera yumurongo hamwe nimirongo yohereza kuri PCB bigira uruhare runini kubiciro byimbogamizi. Ibipimo bigomba kubarwa neza ukoresheje kubara impedance cyangwa gutangwa nuwakoze PCB.
2. Ibikoresho bya dielectric: Ibikoresho bya dielectric bikoreshwa muri PCB nabyo bigira ingaruka kumpamvu igenzurwa. Ibikoresho bitandukanye bifite dielectric itandukanye, bigira ingaruka kuburyo ibimenyetso byihuta.
3. Intera yinzira zegeranye: Kuba hafi yo kohereza no kwakira ibimenyetso bizatera ubushobozi bwimbaraga hamwe no kwishira hamwe, bityo bihindure agaciro ka impedance. Kugumana intera itekanye hagati yinzira bifasha kugumya gukumira inzitizi.
4. Gutondekanya ibice: Gahunda nuburyo bikurikirana bya PCB bigira uruhare runini mugucunga inzitizi. Guhuzagurika mu gutondekanya ibice ni ngombwa mu gukumira impedance idahuye.
Akamaro ko kugenzura inzitizi mugushushanya kwa PCB:
1. Kugumya kugenzura inzitizi bigabanya ibitekerezo, gutakaza ibimenyetso, hamwe ninzira nyabagendwa, bityo bikazamura ubusugire bwibimenyetso muri rusange.
2. Kugabanya kwivanga kwa electromagnetic (EMI): Mugihe ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bikomeje kwiyongera mubibazo bigoye kandi ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso, EMI yabaye ikibazo cyingenzi. Kugenzura inzitizi ifasha kugabanya EMI kugabanya ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso no kwemeza neza no gukingira.
3. Uku guhuzagurika gusobanura imikorere yizewe hamwe nubuzima bwagutse bwibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.
4. Guhuza: Kugenzura impedance nayo iremeza guhuza nibindi bice na sisitemu. Ikibaho cya PCB gifite impedance ihuye irashobora guhuza byoroshye no kuvugana nibindi bikoresho, bikemerera kwishyira hamwe.
Kugenzura impedance ni ikintu gikomeye cyigishushanyo cya PCB, cyane cyane kuri frequency nyinshi kandi byoroshye porogaramu. Mugukomeza indangagaciro zihoraho, abashushanya barashobora guhitamo ubuziranenge bwibimenyetso, kugabanya EMI, no kwemeza guhuza. Gusobanukirwa nibintu bigira ingaruka kumpamvu zagenzuwe, nka geometrike, ibikoresho bya dielectric, hamwe na stackup, ni ngombwa kugirango ugere ku bishushanyo mbonera bya PCB kandi byizewe. Mugushira imbere kugenzura inzitizi, abashushanya barashobora gufungura ubushobozi bwuzuye bwibikoresho bya elegitoronike mugihe batanga imikorere irambye no kuramba.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-15-2023