..1: Shushanya igishushanyo mbonera.
..2: Kora isomero ryibigize.
..3: Shiraho imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro hagati yishusho nigishushanyo kiri ku kibaho cyanditse.
..4: Inzira no gushyira.
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.. Nyuma yo kumenya umwanya nuburyo imiterere yibigize kuri PCB, suzuma imiterere ya PCB.
1. Hamwe numwanya wibigize, insinga ikorwa ukurikije umwanya wibigize.Ni ihame ko insinga ku kibaho cyacapwe ari ngufi zishoboka.Inzira ni ngufi, kandi umuyoboro hamwe nakarere karimo ni bito, bityo igipimo cyo kunyuramo kizaba kinini.Insinga zinjira muri terminal hamwe nibisohoka kuri platifomu ya PCB bigomba kugerageza kwirinda kuba byegeranye hagati yabyo, kandi nibyiza gushyira insinga yubutaka hagati yinsinga zombi.Kugirango wirinde guhuza ibitekerezo.Niba icyapa cyacapwe ari ikibaho kinini, icyerekezo cyerekezo cyumurongo wikimenyetso cya buri cyiciro kiratandukanye nicyicaro cyegeranye.Kubimenyetso bimwe byingenzi byerekana ibimenyetso, ugomba kugera kumasezerano numurongo wogushushanya, cyane cyane imirongo yerekana ibimenyetso bitandukanye, bigomba kunyuzwa mubice bibiri, gerageza kubikora bisa kandi byegeranye, kandi uburebure ntabwo butandukanye cyane.Ibigize byose kuri PCB bigomba kugabanya no kugabanya kuyobora no guhuza ibice.Ubugari ntarengwa bwinsinga muri PCB bugenwa cyane cyane nimbaraga zifatika hagati yinsinga hamwe na substrate ya insulateri hamwe nagaciro keza kanyuzamo.Iyo ubunini bwumuringa wumuringa ari 0.05mm nubugari ni 1-1.5mm, ubushyuhe ntibuzaba hejuru ya dogere 3 mugihe umuyaga wa 2A wanyuze.Iyo ubugari bwinsinga ari 1.5mm, burashobora kuzuza ibisabwa.Kumuzunguruko uhuriweho, cyane cyane sisitemu ya sisitemu, 0.02-0.03mm mubisanzwe byatoranijwe.Nibyo, igihe cyose byemewe, dukoresha insinga nini zishoboka, cyane cyane insinga zamashanyarazi ninsinga zubutaka kuri PCB.Intera ntarengwa hagati yinsinga igenwa cyane cyane no kurwanya insulasiyo na voltage yo kumeneka hagati yinsinga mubihe bibi cyane.
Kubice bimwe byahujwe (IC), ikibuga gishobora gukorwa gito munsi ya 5-8mm uhereye kubuhanga.Kwunama kw'insinga zacapwe muri rusange ni arc ntoya, kandi tugomba kwirinda gukoresha munsi ya dogere 90.Inguni iburyo hamwe nu mpande zirimo bizagira ingaruka kumikorere y'amashanyarazi mumuzunguruko mwinshi.Muri make, insinga yibibaho byacapwe igomba kuba imwe, yuzuye kandi ihamye.Gerageza wirinde gukoresha ikibanza kinini cy'umuringa mu muzunguruko, bitabaye ibyo, iyo ubushyuhe butanzwe igihe kirekire mugihe cyo gukoresha, ifu y'umuringa izaguka kandi igwe byoroshye.Niba hagomba gukoreshwa ifarashi nini yumuringa, insinga zimeze nka gride.Terminal ya wire ni padi.Umwobo wo hagati wa padi ni munini kuruta umurambararo wibikoresho biyobora.Niba padi ari nini cyane, biroroshye gukora weld isanzwe mugihe cyo gusudira.Diameter yo hanze D ya padi mubusanzwe ntabwo iri munsi ya (d + 1,2) mm, aho d ari aperture.Kubice bimwe bifite ubucucike buri hejuru, diameter ntarengwa ya padi irifuzwa (d + 1.0) mm, nyuma yo gushushanya padi irangiye, ikadiri yerekana igikoresho igomba gushushanywa hafi yikibaho cyanditseho, kandi inyandiko ninyuguti bigomba gushyirwaho icyarimwe.Mubisanzwe, uburebure bwinyandiko cyangwa ikadiri bigomba kuba hafi 0,9mm, naho ubugari bwumurongo bugomba kuba 0.2mm.Kandi imirongo nkibisobanuro byanditse ninyuguti ntibigomba gukanda kuri padi.Niba ari ikibaho cyibiri, inyuguti yo hepfo igomba kwerekana ikirango.
Icya kabiri, kugirango ibicuruzwa byateguwe bikore neza kandi neza, PCB igomba gutekereza kubushobozi bwayo bwo kurwanya kwivanga mubishushanyo, kandi ifite umubano wa hafi numuzunguruko wihariye.
Igishushanyo cyumurongo wumurongo numurongo wubutaka mukibaho cyumuzingi ni ngombwa cyane.Ukurikije ubunini bwubu butembera mu mbaho zitandukanye, ubugari bwumurongo wamashanyarazi bugomba kongerwa uko bishoboka kwose kugirango bigabanye guhangana.Igihe kimwe, icyerekezo cyumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wubutaka hamwe namakuru Icyerekezo cyo kohereza gikomeza kuba kimwe.Gira uruhare mu kuzamura ubushobozi bwo kurwanya urusaku rwumuzunguruko.Hano haribintu byombi byuzuzanya hamwe numurongo wumurongo kuri PCB, kuburyo bitandukanijwe bishoboka.Umuyoboro muke muto urashobora guhuzwa ugereranije ningingo imwe.Umugozi nyawo urashobora guhuzwa murukurikirane hanyuma ugahuzwa hamwe.Umugozi wubutaka ugomba kuba mugufi kandi mwinshi.Ubuso bunini bwubutaka burashobora gukoreshwa hafi yumurongo mwinshi.Umugozi wubutaka ugomba kuba mwinshi bishoboka.Niba insinga zubutaka ari ntoya, ubushobozi bwubutaka buzahinduka hamwe nubu, bizagabanya imikorere yo kurwanya urusaku.Kubwibyo, insinga zubutaka zigomba kubyimba kugirango zishobore kugera kumuyoboro wemewe kurubaho rwumuzunguruko.Niba igishushanyo cyemerera diameter yumurongo wubutaka kurenza 2-3mm, mumuzunguruko wa digitale, insinga zubutaka zirashobora gutondekwa muri umugozi wo kunoza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya urusaku.Mu gishushanyo cya PCB, ubushobozi bwa decoupling capacator busanzwe bugizwe mubice byingenzi byubuyobozi bwanditse.Imashini ya 10-100uF ya electrolytike ihujwe kumurongo kumurongo wanyuma winjiza.Mubisanzwe, capacitor ya 0.01PF ya magnetiki chip igomba gutegurwa hafi yumuriro wamashanyarazi ya chip ya sisitemu hamwe na pin 20-30.Kuri chip nini, imbaraga ziyobora Hazabaho amapine menshi, kandi nibyiza kongeramo capacitor ya decoupling hafi yabo.Kuri chip ifite amapine arenga 200, ongeramo byibuze ubushobozi bubiri bwo gukuramo impande enye.Niba icyuho kidahagije, capacitor ya 1-10PF irashobora kandi gutondekwa kuri chip 4-8.Kubice bifite ubushobozi buke bwo kurwanya-interineti nimbaraga nini-zidahinduka, ubushobozi bwa decoupling bugomba guhuzwa hagati yumurongo wamashanyarazi numurongo wubutaka wibigize., Ntakibazo cyaba cyerekezo kijyana na capacitor hejuru, ntabwo byoroshye kuba birebire.
3. Nyuma yibigize ibishushanyo mbonera byumuzunguruko birangiye, igishushanyo mbonera cyacyo kigomba gusuzumwa ubutaha, kugirango gikureho ibintu byose bibi mbere yo gutangira umusaruro, kandi mugihe kimwe, hitabwa kubikorwa bya akanama k'umuzunguruko hagamijwe kubyara ibicuruzwa byiza.n'umusaruro rusange.
.. Iyo uvuze kubyerekeranye no guhuza ibice, ibintu bimwe na bimwe byimikorere yinama yumuzunguruko byabigizemo uruhare.Igishushanyo mbonera cyibibaho byumuzunguruko ni uguteranya muburyo bwimikorere ikibaho cyumuzunguruko hamwe nibice twashizeho binyuze mumurongo wa SMT, kugirango tugere kumurongo mwiza wamashanyarazi no kugera kumiterere yibicuruzwa byacu byateguwe.Igishushanyo cya padi, insinga no kurwanya-kwivanga, nibindi nabyo bigomba gusuzuma niba ikibaho twateguye cyoroshye kubyara umusaruro, niba gishobora guteranyirizwa hamwe nubuhanga bugezweho bwo guterana-tekinoroji ya SMT, kandi mugihe kimwe, birakenewe guhura nu ibisabwa byo kutemerera ibicuruzwa bifite inenge kubyara umusaruro.muremure.By'umwihariko, hari ibintu bikurikira:
1: Imirongo itandukanye ya SMT itanga umusaruro itandukanye, ariko ukurikije ubunini bwa PCB, ubunini bumwe bwa PCB ntabwo buri munsi ya 200 * 150mm.Niba uruhande rurerure ari ruto cyane, gushiramo birashobora gukoreshwa, kandi igipimo cy'uburebure n'ubugari ni 3: 2 cyangwa 4: 3.Iyo ubunini bwumuzunguruko burenze 200 × 150mm, imbaraga za mashini zumuzunguruko zigomba gutekerezwa.
2: Iyo ubunini bwibibaho byumuzunguruko ari bito cyane, biragoye kubikorwa byose bya SMT kumurongo, kandi ntabwo byoroshye kubyara mubice.Inzira nziza ni ugukoresha ifishi yubuyobozi, aribwo guhuza 2, 4, 6 nizindi mbaho imwe ukurikije ubunini bwibibaho.Uhujwe hamwe kugirango ukore ikibaho cyose gikwiranye n’umusaruro mwinshi, ubunini bwikibaho cyose bugomba kuba bukwiranye nubunini bwurwego rufatika.
3: Kugirango uhuze nogushira kumurongo wibyakozwe, icyuma kigomba gusiga intera ya 3-5mm idafite ibice, kandi akanama kagomba gusiga inzira ya 3-8mm.Hariho ubwoko butatu bwo guhuza hagati yimikorere na PCB: A nta guhuzagurika, Hano hari ikigega cyo gutandukana, B gifite uruhande nigitandukanya, na C ifite uruhande kandi nta tanki yo gutandukana.Bifite ibikoresho byo gukubita.Ukurikije imiterere yubuyobozi bwa PCB, hari uburyo butandukanye bwibibaho bya jigsaw, nka Youtu.Uruhande rwibikorwa bya PCB rufite uburyo butandukanye bwo guhagarara ukurikije moderi zitandukanye, kandi bamwe bafite ibyobo byerekana kuruhande.Diameter yumwobo ni cm 4-5.Ugereranije, uko imyanya ihagaze neza iruta iy'uruhande, bityo rero hari Icyitegererezo gifite umwobo kigomba guhabwa umwobo uhagaze mugihe cyo gutunganya PCB, kandi igishushanyo mbonera kigomba kuba gisanzwe kugirango wirinde kubangamira umusaruro.
4: Kugirango uhagarare neza kandi ugere kumurongo wo hejuru wukuri, birakenewe gushiraho ingingo yerekanwe kuri PCB.Niba hari aho yerekeza kandi niba igenamiterere ari ryiza cyangwa ridahari bizagira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku musaruro rusange w’umurongo wa SMT.Imiterere yikibanza irashobora kuba kare, izengurutse, inyabutatu, nibindi. Kandi diameter igomba kuba iri hagati ya 1-2mm, naho impande zose zerekana aho zigomba kuba ziri hagati ya 3-5mm, nta bice bigize kandi iyobora.Mugihe kimwe, ingingo yerekanwe igomba kuba yoroshye kandi iringaniye nta mwanda uhari.Igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana ntigomba kuba hafi yuruhande rwibibaho, hagomba kubaho intera ya 3-5mm.
5: Ukurikije uburyo rusange bwo gukora, imiterere yikibaho nibyiza kuba ifite ikibanza, cyane cyane kugurisha imiraba.Urukiramende rwo gutanga byoroshye.Niba hari ikibaho cyabuze ku kibaho cya PCB, igikonjo cyabuze kigomba kuzuzwa muburyo bwimikorere, kandi ikibaho kimwe cya SMT cyemerewe kugira igikonjo cyabuze.Ariko igikonyo cyabuze nticyoroshye kuba kinini kandi kigomba kuba munsi ya 1/3 cyuburebure bwuruhande
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-06-2023