Itandukaniro hagati ya chip ninama yumuzunguruko

Itandukaniro hagati ya chip ninama yumuzunguruko:
Ibigize biratandukanye: Chip: Nuburyo bwo kugabanya miniature (cyane cyane harimo ibikoresho bya semiconductor, harimo ibice bya pasiporo, nibindi), kandi akenshi bikozwe hejuru yubuso bwa semiconductor.Inzira Yuzuzanya: Igikoresho gito cya elegitoroniki cyangwa ibice.
Uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora: chip: koresha icyuma kimwe cya kirisiti ya silicon wafer nkigice fatizo, hanyuma ukoreshe Photolithography, doping, CMP nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga kugirango ukore ibice nka MOSFETs cyangwa BJTs, hanyuma ukoreshe firime yoroheje na tekinoroji ya CMP kugirango ukore insinga, kugirango umusaruro wa chip urarangiye.
Umuzunguruko wuzuye: Ukoresheje inzira runaka, tristoriste, résistoriste, capacator, inductor nibindi bice hamwe ninsinga zisabwa mumuzunguruko zirahuzwa hamwe, zihimbwa kumashanyarazi mato mato mato mato mato cyangwa insimburangingo ya dielectric, hanyuma igapakirwa imbere mumiyoboro. Igikonoshwa.

kumenyekanisha:
Nyuma ya tristoriste ivumbuwe kandi ikabyara umusaruro mwinshi, ibice bitandukanye bigizwe na semiconductor nka diode na transistor byakoreshejwe cyane, bisimbuza imikorere ninshingano za tube vacuum mumuzunguruko.Mu kinyejana cya 20 rwagati no mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20, iterambere rya tekinoroji ya semiconductor yatumye imiyoboro ihuriweho bishoboka.Koresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byihariye bitandukanye no guteranya intoki.
Imiyoboro ihuriweho irashobora guhuza umubare munini wa microtransistors muri chip ntoya, niterambere ryinshi.Ubwinshi-bwogukora imiyoboro ihuriweho, kwizerwa, hamwe nuburyo bwa moderi kubishushanyo mbonera byatumaga hajyaho uburyo bwihuse bwumuzunguruko usanzwe aho gushushanya ukoresheje transistoriste yihariye.
Inzira zuzuzanya zifite ibyiza bibiri byingenzi kurenza transistoriste yihariye: igiciro nibikorwa.Igiciro gito giterwa nuko chip ifite ibice byayo byose byacapishijwe nkigice kimwe na Photolithography, aho gukora tristoriste imwe icyarimwe.
Imikorere ihanitse iterwa no guhinduranya byihuse ibice no gukoresha ingufu nkeya kuko ibice ni bito kandi byegeranye.Muri 2006, agace ka chip kari hagati ya milimetero kare na 350mm², kandi buri mm² yashoboraga kugera kuri tristoriste miliyoni.