Igisobanuro cyicapiro ryumuzingo wacapwe hamwe nicyiciro cyacyo

Ikibaho cyumuzingo cyacapwe, kizwi kandi nkaicyapa cyumuzingo, ni abatanga amashanyarazi kubikoresho bya elegitoroniki.
Ikibaho cyumuzingo cyacapwe ahanini kigereranwa na "PCB", ariko ntigishobora kwitwa "PCB board".
Igishushanyo mbonera cyumuzingo cyacapwe ni igishushanyo mbonera;inyungu nyamukuru yo gukoresha imbaho ​​zumuzunguruko ni ukugabanya cyane amakosa yo gukoresha insinga no guteranya, no kuzamura urwego rwimikorere nigipimo cyabakozi.
Ikibaho cyumuzunguruko cyacapwe kirashobora kugabanywamo uruhande rumwe, impande ebyiri, ibice bine, ibice bitandatu nizindi mbaho ​​zumuzunguruko ukurikije umubare wibibaho.
Kubera ko icapiro ryumuzingo ryacapwe ntabwo aribicuruzwa byanyuma, ibisobanuro byizina biteye urujijo.Kurugero, ikibaho cyibikoresho bya mudasobwa kugiti cye cyitwa ikibaho, ariko ntabwo byitwa ikibaho cyumuzunguruko.Nubwo hari ikibaho cyumuzunguruko mububiko, ariko ntabwo arimwe, kubwibyo byombi bifitanye isano ariko ntibishobora kuvugwa ko ari bimwe mugihe cyo gusuzuma inganda.Urundi rugero: kubera ko hari ibice byumuzunguruko byuzuye byashyizwe ku kibaho cyumuzunguruko, ibitangazamakuru byamakuru byita ikibaho cya IC, ariko mubyukuri ntabwo bisa nkibibaho byacapwe.Iyo dusanzwe tuvuga icyapa cyumuzingo cyacapwe, tuba dushaka kuvuga ikibaho cyambaye ubusa - ni ukuvuga ikibaho cyumuzunguruko kitarimo ibice.

Itondekanya ryibibaho byacapwe

Umwanya umwe
Kuri PCB yibanze cyane, ibice byibanze kuruhande rumwe naho insinga zegeranijwe kurundi ruhande.Kuberako insinga zigaragara kuruhande rumwe gusa, ubu bwoko bwa PCB bwitwa uruhande rumwe (Uruhande rumwe).Kuberako imbaho ​​zuruhande rumwe zifite imbogamizi zikomeye zijyanye no gushushanya insinga (kuko hariho uruhande rumwe gusa, insinga ntishobora kwambuka kandi igomba kuzenguruka inzira zitandukanye), gusa imirongo yambere yakoresheje ubu bwoko bwibibaho.

Ikibaho kabiri
Uru rubaho rwumuzunguruko rufite insinga kumpande zombi, ariko kugirango ukoreshe impande zombi zinsinga, hagomba kubaho guhuza imiyoboro ikwiye hagati yimpande zombi.Bene "ibiraro" hagati yumuzunguruko byitwa vias.Vias ni ibyobo bito kuri PCB, byuzuye cyangwa bishushanyijeho ibyuma, bishobora guhuzwa ninsinga kumpande zombi.Kuberako ubuso bwibibaho byimpande ebyiri burikubye kabiri ubw'ubutegetsi bumwe, ikibaho cyimpande zombi gikemura ikibazo cyo guhuza insinga mu kibaho kimwe (gishobora kunyuzwa ku kindi ruhande unyuze mu mwobo), kandi birakwiriye gukoreshwa mumuzunguruko urenze kuruta ikibaho kimwe.

Ikibaho kinini
Kugirango wongere ubuso bushobora kuba insinga, imbaho ​​nyinshi cyangwa imwe-ebyiri zikoreshwa mu mbaho ​​nyinshi.Ikibaho cyumuzunguruko cyacapishijwe ibice byimbere byimbere, ibice bibiri byuruhande rumwe rwinyuma, cyangwa ibice bibiri byimbere byimbere hamwe nibice bibiri byo hanze, bisimburana hamwe na sisitemu yo guhagarara hamwe no kubika ibikoresho bihuza, hamwe nuburyo bwo kuyobora.Ikibaho cyumuzunguruko cyacapishijwe gihujwe ukurikije ibyashushanyijemo gihinduka ibice bine na bitandatu byacapwe byumuzunguruko, bizwi kandi nkibice byinshi byacapwe byumuzunguruko.Umubare wibice byubuyobozi ntabwo bivuze ko hariho ibyigenga byinshi byigenga.Mubihe bidasanzwe, hazashyirwaho urwego rwubusa kugirango rugenzure ubunini bwikibaho.Mubisanzwe, umubare wibice ni ndetse kandi urimo ibice bibiri byo hanze.Ibibaho byinshi ni ibice 4 kugeza kuri 8 byuburyo, ariko mubuhanga birashobora kugera kumurongo 100 wa PCB.Mudasobwa nini nini cyane zikoresha imbaho ​​nyinshi cyane, ariko kubera ko mudasobwa zishobora gusimburwa na cluster ya mudasobwa nyinshi zisanzwe, ikibaho cya ultra-multi-layer cyagiye gitangira gukoreshwa.Kuberako ibice biri muri PCB byahujwe cyane, mubisanzwe ntabwo byoroshye kubona umubare nyawo, ariko iyo urebye neza kububiko, urashobora kubibona.