Kodi mbiri ndi chitukuko cha matabwa osindikizidwa ndi chiyani?

Mbiri

Asanayambe kusindikizidwa matabwa ozungulira, kugwirizanitsa pakati pa zipangizo zamagetsi kumadalira kugwirizana kwa mawaya kuti apange dera lonse.M'masiku ano, mapanelo ozungulira amakhala ngati zida zoyesera zogwira mtima, ndipo ma board osindikizira adakhala gawo lalikulu kwambiri pamakampani opanga zamagetsi.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1900, pofuna kuchepetsa kupanga makina amagetsi, kuchepetsa mawaya pakati pa zipangizo zamagetsi, ndi kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira, anthu anayamba kuphunzira njira yosinthira mawaya posindikiza.M'zaka makumi atatu zapitazi, mainjiniya akhala akulingalira mosalekeza kuti awonjezere ma kondakitala azitsulo pazigawo zotchingira mawaya.Chopambana kwambiri chinali mu 1925, pamene Charles Ducas wa ku United States anasindikiza maulendo ozungulira pazitsulo zotetezera, ndiyeno anakhazikitsa bwino ma kondakitala a waya ndi electroplating. adagwiritsa ntchito bolodi losindikizidwa pawailesi;ku Japan, Miyamoto Kisuke adagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira waya "メ タ リ コ ン" Njira yolumikizira ndi njira (Patent No. 119384)" adagwiritsa ntchito bwino patent.Pakati pa ziwirizi, njira ya Paul Eisler ndiyofanana kwambiri ndi matabwa a dera osindikizidwa masiku ano.Njirayi imatchedwa kuchotsa, komwe kumachotsa zitsulo zosafunikira;pamene Charles Ducas ndi Miyamoto Kisuke njira yake ndikuwonjezera zofunikira zokhazokha Wiring imatchedwa njira yowonjezera.Ngakhale zili choncho, chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu kwa zipangizo zamagetsi panthawiyo, magawo awiriwa anali ovuta kugwiritsira ntchito palimodzi, kotero panalibe ntchito yovomerezeka yovomerezeka, koma inachititsanso kuti makina osindikizira a dera losindikizidwa apite patsogolo.

Kukulitsa

M'zaka khumi zapitazi, makampani opanga makina osindikizira a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) m'dziko langa apita patsogolo kwambiri, ndipo mtengo wake wonse ndi zotuluka zonse zili pamalo oyamba padziko lapansi.Chifukwa cha chitukuko chofulumira cha zinthu zamagetsi, nkhondo yamtengo wapatali yasintha kamangidwe kake.China ili ndi zogawa zamafakitale, mtengo ndi phindu la msika, ndipo yakhala yofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yosindikizidwa yosindikizidwa.
Ma board ozungulira osindikizidwa apangidwa kuchokera ku gulu limodzi kupita kumagulu awiri, magulu angapo osanjikiza komanso osinthika, ndipo akukula mosalekeza molunjika kwambiri, kachulukidwe kakang'ono komanso kudalirika kwambiri.Kuchepetsa kukula, kuchepetsa mtengo, komanso kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito kumapangitsa gulu losindikizidwa ladera kukhalabe lolimba pakupanga zinthu zamagetsi m'tsogolomu.
M'tsogolomu, chitukuko cha makina osindikizira gulu kupanga gulu ndi kukhala molunjika kwa kachulukidwe mkulu, mwatsatanetsatane mkulu, kabowo kakang'ono, waya woonda, phula laling'ono, kudalirika mkulu, Mipikisano wosanjikiza, mkulu-liwiro kufala, kulemera kuwala ndi mawonekedwe owonda.