Mapulani osindikizira (PCBs) ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la zipangizo zamakono zamakono, zomwe zimakhala msana wa zigawo ndi maulumikizidwe omwe amalola kuti zipangizo zamagetsi zizigwira ntchito bwino. Kupanga kwa PCB, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kupanga kwa PCB, ndi njira yovuta yomwe imaphatikizapo magawo angapo kuyambira pakupanga koyambirira mpaka msonkhano womaliza. Mu positi iyi yabulogu, tizama mozama pakupanga kwa PCB, ndikuwunika gawo lililonse komanso tanthauzo lake.
1. Mapangidwe ndi masanjidwe
Gawo loyamba pakupanga PCB ndikupanga masanjidwe a board. Mainjiniya amagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yothandizidwa ndi makompyuta (CAD) kupanga zithunzi zosonyeza kulumikizana ndi malo azinthu. Kukonzekera kumaphatikizapo kukhathamiritsa kayimidwe ka mayendedwe, mapepala, ndi ma vias kuti zitsimikizire kusokoneza kochepa komanso kuyenda bwino kwa ma sign.
2. Kusankha zinthu
Kusankha zinthu za PCB ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuchita kwake komanso kulimba kwake. Zida zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo fiberglass yolimbitsa epoxy laminate, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa FR-4. Chosanjikiza chamkuwa pa bolodi la dera ndi chofunikira pakuyendetsa magetsi. Kuchuluka ndi ubwino wa mkuwa wogwiritsidwa ntchito zimadalira zofunikira zenizeni za dera.
3. Konzani gawo lapansi
Kapangidwe kamangidwe kamene kamatsimikiziridwa ndi zipangizo zosankhidwa, ntchito yopangira imayamba ndi kudula gawo lapansi pamiyeso yofunikira. Gawo lapansili limatsukidwa ndikukutidwa ndi mkuwa, ndikupanga maziko a njira zoyendetsera.
4. Kuwotcha
Pambuyo pokonzekera gawo lapansi, chotsatira ndicho kuchotsa mkuwa wochuluka pa bolodi. Kuchita zimenezi, kotchedwa etching, kumachitika pogwiritsira ntchito chinthu chosamva asidi chotchedwa mask kuti chiteteze mikwingwirima yamkuwa. Malo osatsekedwa amawonekera ndi njira yowonongeka, yomwe imasungunula mkuwa wosafunikira, ndikusiya njira yozungulira yomwe mukufuna.
5. Kubowola
Kubowola kumaphatikizapo kupanga mabowo kapena ma vias mu gawo lapansi kuti alole kuyika kwa gawo ndi kulumikizana kwamagetsi pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za board. Makina obowola othamanga kwambiri okhala ndi tizibowo tating'onoting'ono amatha kupanga makina ang'onoang'ono awa. Kubowola kukatha, mabowowo amakutidwa ndi zinthu zowongolera kuti zitsimikizire kulumikizana koyenera.
6. Plating ndi solder chigoba ntchito
Mapulani obowoleredwa amakutidwa ndi mkuwa wochepa thupi kuti alimbikitse kugwirizana ndikupereka mwayi wotetezeka ku zigawo zikuluzikulu. Pambuyo pakupanga, chigoba cha solder chimayikidwa kuti chiteteze mayendedwe amkuwa ku oxidation ndikutanthauzira malo ogulitsira. Mtundu wa solder chigoba nthawi zambiri wobiriwira, koma zingasiyane kutengera zokonda Mlengi.
7. Kuyika kwa zigawo
Mu sitepe iyi, PCB yopangidwa ndi yodzaza ndi zida zamagetsi. Zigawozo zimayikidwa mosamala pamapadi kuti zitsimikizire kulondola kolondola ndi kulunjika. Njirayi nthawi zambiri imangogwiritsa ntchito makina osankha ndi malo kuti atsimikizire kulondola komanso kuchita bwino.
8. Kuwotcherera
Soldering ndi sitepe yomaliza pakupanga PCB. Zimaphatikizapo zinthu zotenthetsera ndi mapepala kuti apange mgwirizano wamphamvu komanso wodalirika wamagetsi. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira ma wave soldering, pomwe bolodi imadutsa mumtambo wa solder wosungunuka, kapena njira zopangira zida zamagulu ovuta.
Njira yopangira PCB ndi njira yosamala yomwe imaphatikizapo magawo angapo akusintha kamangidwe kukhala bolodi yogwira ntchito. Kuchokera pakupanga koyambirira ndi masanjidwe mpaka kuyika chigawo ndi kugulitsa, sitepe iliyonse imathandizira magwiridwe antchito onse ndi kudalirika kwa PCB. Pomvetsetsa tsatanetsatane wa njira yopangira zinthu, tikhoza kuyamikira kupita patsogolo kwaumisiri komwe kwapangitsa zipangizo zamakono zamakono kukhala zazing'ono, zachangu, ndi zogwira mtima kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-18-2023