Kusiyana pakati pa chip ndi board board

Kusiyana pakati pa chip ndi board board:
Kapangidwe kake ndi kosiyana: Chip: Ndi njira yochepetsera mabwalo (makamaka kuphatikiza zida za semiconductor, kuphatikiza zida zopanda pake, ndi zina), ndipo nthawi zambiri amapangidwa pamwamba pa zowotcha za semiconductor.Dongosolo Lophatikizana: Kachipangizo kakang'ono kamagetsi kapena kagawo kakang'ono.
Njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira: chip: gwiritsani ntchito kachitsulo kakang'ono ka crystal silicon ngati maziko, kenako gwiritsani ntchito photolithography, doping, CMP ndi matekinoloje ena kuti mupange zigawo monga MOSFETs kapena BJTs, kenako gwiritsani ntchito filimu yopyapyala ndi matekinoloje a CMP kupanga mawaya, kuti kupanga chip kwatha.
Dera lophatikizika: Pogwiritsa ntchito njira inayake, ma transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors ndi zigawo zina ndi mawaya ofunikira mudera amalumikizidwa palimodzi, amapangidwa pazing'onozing'ono kapena zingapo zazing'ono za semiconductor tchipisi kapena magawo a dielectric, kenako amapakidwa mkati mwa chubu. chipolopolo.

dziwitsani:
Transistor itapangidwa ndikupangidwa mochuluka, zida zosiyanasiyana zolimba za semiconductor monga ma diode ndi ma transistors zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, m'malo mwa ntchito ndi gawo la machubu ovumbulutsa m'mabwalo.Pakatikati ndi kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wopanga ma semiconductor kunapangitsa kuti mabwalo ophatikizika atheke.Gwiritsani ntchito zida zamagetsi payokha m'malo mosonkhanitsa mabwalo pamanja.
Mabwalo ophatikizika amatha kuphatikiza ma microtransistors ambiri kukhala chip yaying'ono, komwe ndikupita patsogolo kwakukulu.Kupanga kwakukulu kwa mabwalo ophatikizika, kudalirika, ndi njira yokhazikika pamapangidwe ozungulira adatsimikizira kukhazikitsidwa mwachangu kwa mabwalo ophatikizika okhazikika m'malo mwa mapangidwe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma transistors.
Mabwalo ophatikizika ali ndi zabwino ziwiri zazikulu kuposa ma transistors osiyanasiyana: mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito.Mtengo wotsika ndi chifukwa chakuti chip chili ndi zigawo zake zonse zosindikizidwa ngati unit ndi photolithography, osati kupanga transistor imodzi yokha.
Kuchita kwapamwamba ndi chifukwa cha kusinthasintha mofulumira kwa zigawo ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu chifukwa zigawozo ndi zazing'ono komanso zoyandikana.Mu 2006, malo a chip adachokera ku mamilimita angapo mpaka 350mm², ndipo mm² aliyense amatha kufikira ma transistors miliyoni imodzi.