Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za PCB Layout Design

1. Bare bolodi kukula & mawonekedwe

Chinthu choyamba kuganizira muPCBkamangidwe kamangidwe ndi kukula, mawonekedwe ndi chiwerengero cha zigawo za bolodi anabala.Kukula kwa bolodi lopanda kanthu nthawi zambiri kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa chinthu chomaliza chamagetsi, ndipo kukula kwa malo kumatsimikizira ngati zida zonse zamagetsi zomwe zimafunikira zikhoza kuikidwa.Ngati mulibe malo okwanira, mungaganizire zamitundu yambiri kapena HDI.Choncho, ndikofunikira kulingalira kukula kwa bolodi musanayambe kupanga.Chachiwiri ndi mawonekedwe a PCB.Nthawi zambiri, amakhala amakona anayi, koma palinso zinthu zina zomwe zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito ma PCB osasinthika, omwe amakhudzanso kwambiri kuyika kwa chigawocho.Chomaliza ndi chiwerengero cha zigawo za PCB.Kumbali imodzi, PCB yamitundu yambiri imatilola kupanga mapangidwe ovuta kwambiri ndikubweretsa ntchito zambiri, koma kuwonjezera wosanjikiza wowonjezera kumawonjezera mtengo wopangira, chifukwa chake ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kumayambiriro kwa mapangidwe.zigawo zenizeni.

2. Njira yopanga

Njira yopangira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga PCB ndichinthu chinanso chofunikira.Njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira zimabweretsa zovuta zamapangidwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza njira zolumikizirana za PCB, zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwanso.Ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana wapagulu monga SMT ndi THT udzafuna kuti mupange PCB yanu mosiyana.Chofunikira ndikutsimikizira ndi wopanga kuti amatha kupanga ma PCB omwe mukufuna komanso kuti ali ndi luso komanso ukatswiri wofunikira kuti akwaniritse kapangidwe kanu.

3. Zida ndi zigawo

Panthawi yokonza, zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso ngati zigawozo zilipobe pamsika ziyenera kuganiziridwa.Zina ndizovuta kuzipeza, zimawononga nthawi komanso zodula.Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti zilowe m'malo.Choncho, PCB mlengi ayenera kudziwa zambiri ndi chidziwitso cha makampani PCB msonkhano wonse.Xiaobei ali ndi luso laukadaulo la PCB ukatswiri wathu wosankha zida zoyenera kwambiri ndi zigawo zama projekiti amakasitomala, ndikupereka mapangidwe odalirika a PCB mkati mwa bajeti ya kasitomala.

4. Kuyika kwa zigawo

PCB kapangidwe ayenera kuganizira dongosolo limene zigawo anaika.Kukonzekera bwino magawo a zigawo kungachepetse kuchuluka kwa masitepe ofunikira, kuonjezera mphamvu komanso kuchepetsa ndalama.Dongosolo lathu lovomerezeka loyika ndi zolumikizira, mabwalo amagetsi, mabwalo othamanga kwambiri, mabwalo ofunikira, ndipo pamapeto pake zida zotsalira.Komanso, tiyenera kudziwa kuti kutentha kwambiri kutentha kwa PCB kungawononge ntchito.Mukamapanga masanjidwe a PCB, ganizirani zomwe zingapangitse kutentha kwambiri, sungani zigawo zofunika kwambiri kuchokera kuzinthu zotentha kwambiri, ndiyeno ganizirani kuwonjezera zozama za kutentha ndi mafani oziziritsa kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa zigawo.Ngati pali zinthu zambiri zotenthetsera, zinthuzi ziyenera kugawidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana ndipo sizingakhazikike pamalo amodzi.Kumbali ina, momwe zigawo zimayikidwa ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa.Nthawi zambiri, zigawo zofananira zimalimbikitsidwa kuti ziziyikidwa mbali imodzi, zomwe zimapindulitsa kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa zolakwika.Tikumbukenso kuti gawo sayenera kuikidwa pa solder mbali ya PCB, koma kuseri kwa yokutidwa ndi dzenje gawo.

5. Mphamvu ndi ndege zapansi

Ndege zamphamvu ndi zapansi ziyenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse mkati mwa bolodi, ndipo ziyenera kukhala zapakati komanso zofananira, zomwe ndi chitsogozo chofunikira pakupanga mapangidwe a PCB.Chifukwa mapangidwewa amatha kulepheretsa bolodi kuti lisagwedezeke ndikupangitsa kuti zigawozo zipatuke pa malo awo oyambirira.Kukonzekera koyenera kwa malo amagetsi ndi malo owongolera kungachepetse kusokoneza kwamagetsi apamwamba pa dera.Tiyenera kulekanitsa ndege zapansi pa gawo lililonse la mphamvu momwe tingathere, ndipo ngati sizingatheke, onetsetsani kuti zili kumapeto kwa njira yamagetsi.

6. Signal Integrity ndi RF Nkhani

Mawonekedwe a mapangidwe a PCB amatsimikiziranso kukhulupirika kwa gulu lozungulira, kaya kungasokonezedwe ndi ma electromagnetic ndi zina.Kuti mupewe zovuta zazizindikiro, kapangidwe kake kayenera kupewa kutsata komwe kumayenderana, chifukwa kutsata kofananira kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zambiri ndikuyambitsa mavuto osiyanasiyana.Ndipo ngati zizindikirozo ziyenera kuwoloka wina ndi mzake, ziyenera kuwoloka pamakona abwino, zomwe zingachepetse mphamvu ndi kugwirizanitsa pakati pa mizere.Komanso, ngati zigawo zomwe zili ndi ma electromagnetic m'badwo wapamwamba sizikufunika, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zida za semiconductor zomwe zimatulutsa mpweya wochepa wamagetsi, zomwe zimathandiziranso kuwonetsa kukhulupirika.