bọọdụ sekit e biri ebi (PCB) bụ ọkpụkpụ azụ nke ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị ọgbara ọhụrụ. Site na smartphones gaa na ngwaọrụ ahụike, bọọdụ PCB na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ijikọ na ịnye ọrụ na ngwa elektrọn dị iche iche. Iji hụ na arụmọrụ kachasị mma, ndị na-emepụta PCB ga-atụle ọtụtụ ihe, gụnyere mgbochi a na-achịkwa. Na nke a blog post, anyị ga delve n'ime echiche nke achịkwa impedance na PCB mbadamba na-aghọta ya mkpa maka ọbọ nke ọma na a pụrụ ịdabere na sekit aghụghọ.
Kedu ihe na-achịkwa impedance na PCB?
Enwere ike ịkọwa impedance dị ka nguzogide zutere site na alternating current (AC) na-asọfe na sekit. Mgbochi a na-achịkwa na-ezo aka kpọmkwem na uru mgbochi na-agbanwe agbanwe na otu akara ma ọ bụ ahịrị nnyefe na bọọdụ PCB.
Njikwa impedance dị oke mkpa mgbe ị na-ahazi akara ngosi dijitalụ dị elu n'ihi na ọ na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe, belata nhụsianya mgbama, ma belata nnyonye anya electromagnetic (EMI). Mgbe anaghị achịkwa impedance, ọ nwere ike ibibi njirimara nnyefe nke mgbaàmà ahụ, na-akpata mgbagha, okwu oge, na nbibi ọrụ zuru ezu.
Ihe na-emetụta impedance a na-achịkwa:
Iji nweta mgbochi a na-achịkwa nke bọọdụ PCB, ekwesịrị ịtụle ọtụtụ ihe. Ihe ndị a gụnyere:
1. trace geometry: obosara, ọkpụrụkpụ na oghere nke trace na nnyefe ahịrị na PCB nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na uru impedance. A ghaghị gbakọọ akụkụ nke ọma site na iji ihe mgbako impedance ma ọ bụ onye nrụpụta PCB wetara.
2. Ihe dielectric: Ihe dielectric eji eme ihe na PCB na-emetụtakwa ihe mgbochi a na-achịkwa. Ihe dị iche iche nwere dielectric dị iche iche, nke na-emetụta ngwa ngwa mgbaàmà na-agbasa.
3. Anya nke n'akụkụ trace: Ịdị nso nke ịnyefe na ịnata akara ga-eme ka ikere òkè na inductance ibe, si otú ahụ na-agbanwe ihe impedance uru. Idokwa ebe nchekwa dị n'etiti akara na-enyere aka idobe mgbochi a na-achịkwa.
4. Layer stacking: Nhazi na usoro nke PCB n'ígwé na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na impedance akara. Nkwenye n'ịkọba akwa oyi akwa dị oke mkpa iji gbochie enweghị nkwekọrịta.
Mkpa nke impedance a na-achịkwa na imewe PCB:
1. Signal iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe: achịkwa impedance ana achi achi na dijitalụ mgbaàmà na-ebunye nke ọma na PCB na-enweghị mgbagha. Idokwa njikwa impedance na-ebelata ntule echiche, mfu mgbaama, na okwu mkparịta ụka, si otú a na-emeziwanye iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe n'ozuzu ya.
2. Belata nnyonye anya electromagnetic (EMI): Ka ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị na-aga n'ihu na-abawanye na mgbagwoju anya na akara ngosi na-abawanye elu, EMI aghọwo ihe dị mkpa. Mgbochi a na-achịkwa na-enyere aka iwelata EMI site n'ibelata ntule mgbaama na ịhụ na ntọ ala na nchekwa kwesịrị ekwesị.
3. Arụmọrụ na-agbanwe agbanwe: PCB ndị nwere mgbochi a na-achịkwa na-enye njirimara eletrik na-agbanwe agbanwe ọbụna n'okpuru ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi na-agbanwe agbanwe dị ka okpomọkụ na iru mmiri. Nkwekọrịta a na-atụgharị gaa na arụmọrụ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya yana ogologo ndụ nke ngwaọrụ eletrọnị gị.
4. Ndakọrịta: Mkpọchi a na-achịkwa na-eme ka ọ dị mma na ihe ndị ọzọ na usoro. PCB mbadamba nwere impedance datching nwere ike mfe jikọọ na-ekwurịta okwu na ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ, na-enye ohere maka enweghị nkebi mwekota.
Mkpọchi a na-achịkwa bụ akụkụ dị oke mkpa nke imewe PCB, ọkachasị maka ngwa dị elu yana ngwa nwere mmetụta. Site na idowe ụkpụrụ impedance na-agbanwe agbanwe, ndị na-emepụta nwere ike kwalite iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe, belata EMI, wee hụ na ndakọrịta. Ịghọta ihe ndị na-emetụta ihe mgbochi a na-achịkwa, dị ka geometry trace, dielectric material, na layer stackup, dị oké mkpa iji nweta atụmatụ PCB nke ọma na nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya. Site na ibute njikwa impedance ụzọ, ndị na-emepụta nwere ike imeghe ikike nke ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị zuru oke ka ha na-ebuga arụmọrụ dị elu yana ogologo ndụ.
Oge nzipu: Sep-15-2023