PCByog tsim los ntawm hluav taws xob luam ntawv thev naus laus zis, yog li nws yog hu ua luam tawm Circuit Board.Yuav luag txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob, xws li lub mloog pob ntseg, roj teeb, lub tshuab xam zauv, mus rau khoos phis tawj, khoom siv sib txuas lus, dav hlau, satellites, tsuav yog siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke, PCBs yog siv rau kev sib txuas hluav taws xob ntawm lawv.
PCB thiab PCBA yog PCBs nrog cov khoom tsis sib xws, PCBA (Printed Circuit Board Assembly), uas yog, PCBs nruab nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (xws li chips, connectors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, thiab lwm yam).
Keeb kwm ntawm PCB
Xyoo 1925, Charles Ducas hauv Tebchaws Meskas (tus thawj coj ntawm cov txheej txheem ntxiv) tau luam tawm cov qauv hauv Circuit Court ntawm ib lub substrate insulating, thiab tom qab ntawd ua tiav ua tus neeg xyuas pib ua ib txoj hlua los ntawm electroplating.
Xyoo 1936, Austrian Paul Eisler (tus thawj coj ntawm txoj kev rho tawm) yog thawj zaug siv cov ntawv luam tawm hauv xov tooj cua.
Xyoo 1943, cov neeg Amelikas tau siv thev naus laus zis rau tub rog xov tooj cua.Xyoo 1948, Tebchaws Asmeskas tau lees paub qhov kev tsim khoom siv rau kev lag luam.
Cov ntawv luam tawm hluav taws xob tsuas yog siv dav txij li nruab nrab xyoo 1950s, thiab niaj hnub no lawv tswj hwm kev lag luam hluav taws xob.
Cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board tau tsim los ntawm ib txheej mus rau ob sab, ntau txheej thiab hloov tau, thiab tseem tuav lawv tus kheej txoj kev loj hlob.Vim muaj kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm kev coj ua ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, siab ceev thiab kev ntseeg siab, tsis tu ncua ntawm qhov loj me, txo tus nqi thiab kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board tseem muaj lub zog tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yav tom ntej.
Kev sib tham txog kev txhim kho yav tom ntej ntawm kev luam ntawv Circuit Court board tsim tshuab hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws yog qhov sib xws, uas yog, kom siab ceev, siab precision, zoo aperture, nyias hlau, me me suab, muaj kev ntseeg siab, ntau txheej, high-speed kis tau tus mob. , lub teeb yuag Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntau lawm, nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm nce productivity, txo cov nqi, txo cov pa phem, thiab adapting mus rau ntau ntau yam thiab me-batch ntau lawm.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm PCB
Ua ntej lub rooj tsavxwm luam tawm tau tshwm sim, kev sib tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau txuas ncaj qha los ntawm cov xov hlau los ua ib qho kev ua tiav.
Tom qab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau txais cov ntawv luam tawm hauv Circuit Court, vim qhov sib xws ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm zoo sib xws, kev ua yuam kev hauv phau ntawv xov tooj raug zam.
Lub rooj tsavxwm luam tawm tuaj yeem muab kev txhawb nqa kev kho thiab sib sau ua ke ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke, ua kom tiav cov hlua hluav taws xob thiab kev sib txuas hluav taws xob lossis hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev ntawm ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke, thiab muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas xav tau, xws li cov yam ntxwv impedance, thiab lwm yam, tuaj yeem muab cov duab kos duab rau daim npog ntsej muag rau kev siv lub tshuab tsis siv neeg, thiab muab cov cim cim thiab cov duab kos rau cov khoom siv ntxig, tshuaj xyuas, thiab kev saib xyuas.
Classification ntawm PCB
1. Kev faib tawm los ntawm lub hom phiaj
Civilian printed circuit boards (consumer): printed circuit boards siv cov khoom ua si, koob yees duab, TV, khoom siv suab, xov tooj ntawm tes, thiab lwm yam.
Kev lag luam luam tawm Circuit boards (cov khoom siv): cov ntawv luam tawm hauv Circuit Court siv hauv kev ruaj ntseg, tsheb, khoos phis tawj, tshuab kev sib txuas lus, twj paj nruag, thiab lwm yam.
Tub rog printed circuit boards: printed circuit boards siv nyob rau hauv aerospace thiab radar, thiab lwm yam.
2. Kev faib tawm los ntawm hom substrate
Daim ntawv-raws li cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board: phenolic ntawv-raws li luam tawm Circuit Board, epoxy paper-based printed circuit boards, thiab lwm yam.
Iav daim ntaub-raws li luam tawm Circuit Boards: epoxy iav ntaub-raws li luam tawm Circuit Board, PTFE iav ntaub-raws li luam tawm Circuit Board, thiab lwm yam.
Synthetic fiber ntau luam tawm Circuit Board: epoxy hluavtaws fiber ntau luam tawm Circuit Board, thiab lwm yam.
Organic film substrate printed circuit board: nylon film printed circuit board, thiab lwm yam.
Ceramic substrate printed circuit boards.
Hlau core raws li luam tawm Circuit Boards.
3. Kev faib tawm los ntawm cov qauv
Raws li cov qauv, cov ntawv luam tawm tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov ntawv luam tawm tsis zoo, cov ntawv luam tawm yooj yim thiab cov ntawv luam tawm tsis yooj yim.
4. Muab faib raws li cov txheej txheem
Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, cov ntawv luam tawm tuaj yeem muab faib ua ib leeg-ib sab, ob-sided boards, multi-layer boards thiab HDI boards (high-density interconnect boards).
1) Ib sab
Ib lub rooj tsavxwm ib leeg yog hais txog lub rooj tsavxwm Circuit Court uas tsuas yog xaim ntawm ib sab (soldering side) ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, thiab tag nrho cov khoom, cov ntawv sau thiab cov ntawv sau tau muab tso rau ntawm lwm sab (cov khoom siv sab nraud).
Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag ib leeg yog nws tus nqi qis thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yooj yim.Txawm li cas los xij, txij li kev xaim tsuas yog tuaj yeem nqa tawm ntawm ib qho chaw, kev xaim yog qhov nyuaj dua, thiab cov xaim yuav ua rau tsis ua haujlwm, yog li nws tsuas yog tsim nyog rau qee qhov yooj yim circuits.
2) Ob sab
Lub rooj tsavxwm ob sab yog xaim ntawm ob sab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm insulating, ib sab yog siv los ua txheej sab saum toj, thiab lwm sab yog siv los ua txheej hauv qab.Sab saum toj thiab hauv qab txheej yog hluav taws xob txuas nrog vias.
Feem ntau, cov khoom ntawm ob txheej txheej yog muab tso rau saum txheej;Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum cov khoom tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm ob txheej txhawm rau txhawm rau txo qhov loj ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm.Lub rooj tsavxwm ob txheej yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm tus nqi nruab nrab thiab kev xaim yooj yim.Nws yog hom siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tib yam.
3) Multi-layer board
Printed circuit boards nrog ntau tshaj ob txheej yog sib sau ua ke los ua ntau pawg boards.
4) HDI pawg thawj coj saib
Lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib HDI yog lub rooj tsav xwm hauv Circuit Court uas muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas siv cov tshuab micro-dig muag faus qhov.
PCB qauv
PCB yog tsim los ntawm tooj liab clad laminates (Copper Clad Laminates, CCL), prepreg (PP ntawv), tooj liab ntawv nyiaj (Copper Foil), solder mask (tseem hu ua solder mask) (Solder Mask).Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov ntawv ci tooj liab rau ntawm qhov chaw thiab ua kom cov txiaj ntsig vuam, nws tseem yuav tsum tau ua tiav kev kho deg ntawm PCB, thiab qee zaum nws kuj tseem muaj cov cim.
1) Copper Clad Laminate
Copper-clad laminate (CCL), hu ua tooj liab-clad laminate lossis tooj liab-clad laminate, yog cov khoom siv yooj yim rau kev tsim cov ntawv luam tawm.Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem dielectric (resin, iav fiber) thiab cov khoom siv siab purity (tooj liab ntawv ci).tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw.
Nws tsis yog txog xyoo 1960 uas cov kws tshaj lij cov tuam txhab siv cov formaldehyde cob tooj liab ntawv ci ua cov khoom siv los ua ib sab PCBs, thiab muab tso rau hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv players, tape recorders, video recorders, thiab lwm yam. Tom qab ntawd, vim qhov nce ntawm ob -sided los ntawm lub qhov tooj liab plating manufacturing technology, tshav kub tsis kam, loj Stable epoxy iav substrates tau dav siv kom deb li deb.Niaj hnub no, FR4, FR1, CEM3, ceramic daim hlau thiab Teflon daim hlau yog dav siv.
Tam sim no, feem ntau siv PCB ua los ntawm etching txoj kev yog xaiv etching ntawm tooj liab clad board kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau Circuit Court qauv.Cov tooj liab clad laminate tsuas yog muab peb lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev coj ua, rwb thaiv tsev thiab kev txhawb nqa ntawm tag nrho cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board.Kev ua tau zoo, kev ua tau zoo thiab tsim nqi ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm tooj liab clad laminates
2) Prepreg
Prepreg, tseem hu ua PP ntawv, yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov boards multilayer.Nws yog tsim los ntawm resin thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv.Cov ntaub ntawv txhawb nqa tau muab faib ua iav fiber ntau daim ntaub (hu ua iav ntaub), ntawv hauv paus thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw.
Feem ntau ntawm cov prepregs (cov ntawv nplaum) siv rau hauv kev tsim cov ntawv luam tawm ntau yam siv iav ntaub ua cov khoom siv ntxiv.Cov ntaub ntawv nyias ua los ntawm impregnating cov ntaub iav kho nrog cov kua nplaum, thiab tom qab ntawd ua ntej ci los ntawm kev kho cua sov hu ua prepreg.Prepregs soften nyob rau hauv tshav kub thiab siab thiab solidify thaum txias.
Txij li tus naj npawb ntawm cov xov paj ntawm ib chav tsev ntev ntawm cov iav ntaub nyob rau hauv warp thiab weft cov lus qhia txawv, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog mus rau warp thiab weft cov lus qhia ntawm lub prepreg thaum txiav.Feem ntau, cov kev taw qhia warp (cov kev taw qhia uas cov iav ntaub yog curled) raug xaiv raws li cov kev taw qhia luv luv ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, thiab cov kev taw qhia weft yog Cov kev taw qhia ntawm sab ntev ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm ntau lawm yog los xyuas kom meej lub tiaj tus. board nto thiab tiv thaiv lub rooj tsav xwm ntau lawm los ntawm kev sib tw thiab deformed tom qab cua sov.
3) Copper ntawv ci
Copper foil yog ib daim nyias nyias, cov ntawv hlau txuas mus ntxiv rau ntawm lub hauv paus txheej ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm.Raws li tus neeg xyuas pib ntawm PCB, nws tau yooj yim txuas rau txheej txheej insulating thiab etched los ua ib qho qauv hauv Circuit Court.
Kev lag luam tooj liab tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: dov tooj liab ntawv nyiaj (RA tooj liab ntawv ci) thiab electrolytic tooj liab ntawv ci (ED tooj liab ntawv ci):
Rolled tooj liab ntawv ci muaj qhov zoo ductility thiab lwm yam ntxwv, thiab yog cov ntawv ci tooj liab siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem muag muag thaum ntxov;
Electrolytic copper foil muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom qis dua li cov ntawv ci tooj liab
4) Solder mask
Lub solder resist txheej yog hais txog ib feem ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board nrog solder resist number case.
Solder resist number case feem ntau yog ntsuab, thiab ob peb siv liab, dub thiab xiav, thiab lwm yam, yog li solder resist number case feem ntau hu ua roj ntsuab hauv PCB kev lag luam.Nws yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov dej noo, Anti-corrosion, anti-mildew thiab mechanical abrasion, thiab lwm yam, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv qhov chaw los ntawm welded mus rau qhov chaw tsis raug.
5) Kev kho deg
"Nto" raws li siv no yog hais txog cov ntsiab lus sib txuas ntawm PCB uas muab hluav taws xob sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis lwm lub tshuab thiab cov circuits ntawm PCB, xws li cov ntsiab lus txuas ntawm cov ntaub qhwv los yog kev sib cuag.Lub solderability ntawm liab qab nws tus kheej yog zoo heev, tab sis nws yog yooj yim oxidized thiab polluted thaum raug huab cua, yog li ib tug tiv thaiv zaj duab xis yuav tsum tau them rau saum npoo ntawm liab qab tooj liab.
Cov txheej txheem kho PCB feem ntau suav nrog txhuas HASL, HASL tsis muaj hmoov txhuas, txheej txheej organic (Organic Solderability Preservatives, OSP), immersion kub, immersion silver, immersion tin thiab kub-plated ntiv tes, thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, muaj yog cov txheej txheem HASL tau maj mam txwv.
6) Cov cim
Tus cwj pwm yog cov ntawv txheej, nyob rau sab saum toj txheej ntawm PCB, nws tuaj yeem tsis tuaj, thiab nws feem ntau yog siv rau cov lus pom.
Feem ntau, txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim rau kev teeb tsa thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm lub voj voog, qhov yuav tsum tau muaj cov qauv logo thiab cov ntawv cim tau luam tawm rau saum thiab sab qis ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm, xws li cov ntawv sau npe thiab cov nqi nominal, cov qauv tsim cov duab thiab cov chaw tsim khoom logo, ntau lawm. hnub tos.
Cov cim feem ntau yog luam tawm los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam luam ntawv
Post lub sij hawm: Mar-11-2023