ʻO ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka papa kaapuni i paʻi ʻia ʻo ia ʻo Paul Eisler Austrian, nāna i hoʻohana ia mea ma kahi lekiō ma 1936. I ka makahiki 1943, ua hoʻohana nui nā ʻAmelika i kēia ʻenehana i nā lekiō koa.I ka makahiki 1948, ua ʻae ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka mea hou no ka hoʻohana pāʻoihana.Ma Iune 21, 1950, ua loaʻa iā Paul Eisler ke kuleana patent no ka hana ʻana o ka papa kaapuni, a he 60 mau makahiki mai ia manawa.
ʻO kēia kanaka i kapa ʻia ʻo "ka makua o nā papa kaapuni" he waiwai o ka ʻike ola, akā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia e nā hoa hana papa kaapuni PCB.
12-papa makapō i kanu ʻia ma ka PCB kaapuni / kaapuni papa
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka moʻolelo ola o Eisler, e like me ia i hōʻike ʻia ma kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ʻo My Life with Printed Circuits, ua like ia me kahi moʻolelo pohihihi i piha i ka hoʻomāinoino.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Eisler ma Austria i ka makahiki 1907 a ua puka ʻo ia me ke kēkelē laepua ma ka ʻenekinia mai ke Kulanui o Vienna i ka makahiki 1930. I kēlā manawa ua hōʻike ʻo ia i makana no ka lilo ʻana i mea hana.Eia naʻe, ʻo kāna pahuhopu mua ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hana ma kahi ʻāina non-Nazi.Akā ʻo nā kūlana o kona manawa i alakaʻi ai i ka ʻenekinia Iudaio e haʻalele iā Austria i nā makahiki 1930, no laila i ka makahiki 1934 ua loaʻa iā ia kahi hana ma Belgrade, Serbia, e hoʻolālā ana i kahi ʻōnaehana uila no nā kaʻaahi e hiki ai i nā mea holo ke hoʻopaʻa i nā moʻolelo pilikino ma o nā pepeiao pepeiao, e like me ka iPod.Eia naʻe, i ka pau ʻana o ka hana, hāʻawi ka mea kūʻai aku i ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole ke kālā.No laila, pono ʻo ia e hoʻi i kona ʻāina hānau ʻo Austria.
Hoʻi i Austria, hāʻawi ʻo Eisler i nā nūpepa, hoʻokumu i kahi makasina radio, a hoʻomaka e aʻo i nā ʻenehana paʻi.He ʻenehana ikaika ka paʻi ʻana i nā makahiki 1930, a ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e noʻonoʻo pehea e hiki ai ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻenehana paʻi i nā kaapuni ma nā substrate insulating a hoʻokomo i ka hana nui.
I ka makahiki 1936, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e haʻalele iā Austria.Ua kono ʻia ʻo ia e hana ma ʻEnelani ma muli o ʻelua mau palapala patent āna i waiho ai: hoʻokahi no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā manaʻo kiʻi a ʻo kekahi no ke kīwī stereoscopic me nā laina kūpaʻa o ka hoʻonā.
Ua kūʻai ʻia kāna patent TV no 250 francs, ua lawa ia e noho ai ma kahi pā Hampstead no kekahi manawa, ʻo ia ka mea maikaʻi no ka loaʻa ʻole o kāna hana ma Lākana.Ua makemake nui kekahi hui kelepona i kona manaʻo no ka papa kaapuni i paʻi ʻia—hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau i nā pūʻolo uea i hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā mau kelepona.
Ma muli o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke Kaua Honua II, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Eisler e ʻimi i nā ala e hoʻokuʻu ai i kona ʻohana mai Austria.I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaua, ua pepehi kona kaikuahine iā ia iho a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo ia e ka poʻe Pelekania ma ke ʻano he malihini.ʻOiai ua paʻa ʻia, e noʻonoʻo mau ana ʻo Eisler i ke kōkua ʻana i ke kaua.
Ma hope o kona hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana, hana ʻo Eisler no ka hui paʻi mele ʻo Henderson & Spalding.I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻo kāna pahuhopu ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka mīkini paʻi kiʻi kiʻi o ka hui, ʻaʻole hana i loko o kahi keʻena hana akā i loko o kahi hale pahū.Ua koi aku ka luna o ka hui ʻo HV Strong iā Eisler e kau inoa i nā patent a pau i ʻike ʻia ma ke aʻo ʻana.ʻAʻole kēia ʻo ka mua, ʻaʻole hoʻi ka hope, ka manawa i hoʻohana pono ʻia ai ʻo Eisler.
ʻO kekahi pilikia o ka hana ʻana i ka pūʻali koa ʻo ia kona ʻano: ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo ia.Akā, ua hele mau ʻo ia i nā ʻaelike pūʻali koa e kūkākūkā pehea e hoʻohana ʻia ai kāna mau kaapuni paʻi i ke kaua.
Ma o kāna hana ma Henderson & Spalding, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Eisler i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pahu i kālai ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻāpana ma nā substrates.Ua like kona ʻano papa kaapuni mua me kahi pā spaghetti.Ua waiho ʻo ia i kahi patent i ka makahiki 1943.
I ka wā mua, ʻaʻohe mea i nānā pono i kēia mea hou a hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana i ka ʻūhū o nā pū kī no ke kī ʻana i nā pōkā V-1buzz.Ma hope o kēlā, loaʻa iā Eisler kahi hana a kaulana iki.Ma hope o ke kaua, hoʻolaha ʻia ka ʻenehana.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ʻAmelika i ka makahiki 1948 e paʻi ʻia nā mea kani a pau.
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka patent o Eisler i ka makahiki 1943 i ʻekolu mau palapala ʻokoʻa: 639111 (nā papa kaapuni paʻi ʻekolu-dimensional), 639178 (ʻenehana foil no nā kaapuni paʻi), a me 639179 (paʻi pauda).Ua hoʻopuka ʻia nā patent ʻekolu ma Iune 21, 1950, akā he liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā hui i hāʻawi ʻia i nā patent.
I ka makahiki 1950, ua hoʻohana hou ʻia ʻo Eisler, i kēia manawa ʻoiai e hana ana no ka UK National Research and Development Corporation.Ua hoʻokuʻu maoli ka hui i nā patent a Eisler US.Akā ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hoʻokolohua a me ka noʻonoʻo.Ua loaʻa iā ia nā manaʻo no ka pahu pahu pahu, ka pepa pepa i hoʻomehana ʻia, nā umu pizza, nā ʻōpala paʻa, nā puka makani hope, a me nā mea hou aku.Ua lanakila 'o ia ma ka 'oihana lapa'au a make 'o ia i ka makahiki 1992 me ka nui o na patent i kona ola ana.Ua loaʻa ʻia ʻo ia i ka Institution of Electrical Engineers 'Nuffield Silver Medal.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-17-2023