He aha ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka papa kaapuni paʻi?

Huina

ʻO kapapa kaapuni o keia manawaka nui o keia mau mea
Laina a me ke kumu (Pattern): Hoʻohana ʻia ka laina ma ke ʻano he mea hana no ka hoʻokele ʻana ma waena o nā mea kumu.I ka hoʻolālāʻana, e hoʻolālāʻia kahi'āpana keleawe nui e like me ka papa honua a me ka mana lako.Hana ʻia nā laina a me nā kaha kiʻi i ka manawa like.
Papa Dielectric: hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka insulation ma waena o nā laina a me nā papa, i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka substrate.
Ma o nā puka / vias: Ma o nā puka e hiki ke hana i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua papa o nā kaʻapuni e hoʻokele me kekahi i kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui ma o nā puka i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he plug-in, a ʻo nā puka ʻole (nPTH) e hoʻohana mau ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau kuahiwi no ka hoʻonoho ʻana, ʻo ia. hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā wili i ka wā e hui ai. .Kaapuni pōkole ma waena o nā laina ʻaʻole ʻai i ke kī.Ma muli o nā kaʻina hana likeʻole, ua māheleʻia i kaʻaila'ōmaʻomaʻo, kaʻailaʻulaʻula a me kaʻaila polū.
Pale silika (Legend/Marking/Silk screen): He mea pono ole keia.ʻO ka hana nui ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana i ka inoa a me ke kūlana kūlana o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana ma ka papa kaapuni, kahi kūpono no ka mālama ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana ma hope o ka hui ʻana.
Hoʻopau i ka ʻili: No ka mea ua maʻalahi ka oxidized o ka ʻili keleawe i ke kaiapuni maʻamau, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia (ʻilihune solderability), no laila e pale ʻia ma ka ʻili keleawe e pono ai ke ʻai i ka tin.ʻO nā ʻano pale e pili ana i ka spray tin (HASL), ke gula kemika (ENIG), ke kālā (Immersion Silver), tin (Immersion Tin), ka mea hoʻomalu solder organic (OSP), i kēlā me kēia ʻano i nā pono a me nā hemahema, i hui pū ʻia me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili.

ʻO waho

ʻO kahi papa ʻole (me nā ʻāpana ʻole) ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he "Printed Wiring Board (PWB)".ʻO ka papa kumu o ka papa ponoʻī i hana ʻia me nā mea insulating ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa maʻalahi.ʻO ka mea kaapuni lahilahi i hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻili he ʻāpana keleawe.Ma mua, ua uhi ʻia ka ʻāpana keleawe i ka papa holoʻokoʻa, akā ua kālai ʻia kekahi hapa i ka wā o ka hana ʻana, a ʻo ke koena i lilo i ʻāpana lahilahi e like me ka mesh..Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau laina he conductor patterns a i ʻole wiring, a hoʻohana ʻia e hāʻawi i nā pili uila i nā ʻāpana ma ka PCB.
ʻO ka maʻamau ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka PCB he ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻeleʻele paha, ʻo ia ke kala o ka mask solder.He papa pale insulating ia, hiki ke pale i ka uwea keleawe, pale i ke kaapuni pōkole i hana ʻia e ka nalu ʻana, a mālama i ka nui o ka solder.Paʻi pū ʻia kahi pale silika ma ka mask solder.ʻO ka maʻamau, paʻi ʻia nā kikokikona a me nā hōʻailona (keʻokeʻo ka hapa nui) ma luna o kēia mea e hōʻike i ke kūlana o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana ma ka papa.Ua kapa ʻia ka ʻaoʻao paʻi pale i ka ʻaoʻao kaʻao.
I ka huahana hope loa, ua kau ʻia nā ʻāpana uila, nā transistors, nā diodes, nā ʻāpana passive (e like me nā resistors, capacitors, connectors, etc.) a me nā ʻāpana uila ʻē aʻe.Ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā uea, hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā hoʻopili hōʻailona uila a me nā hana kūpono.