Hele mai nā mea kōkua o Investopedia mai kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa, me nā kaukani o nā mea kākau a me nā mea hoʻoponopono i hāʻawi ʻia ma luna o 24 mau makahiki.
ʻElua mau ʻano chips i hana ʻia e nā hui semiconductor.ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā chips e like me kā lākou hana.Eia naʻe, i kekahi manawa ua māhele ʻia lākou i nā ʻano like ʻole e pili ana i ka integrated circuit (IC) i hoʻohana ʻia.
Ma ka ʻōlelo o ka hana, ʻo nā ʻāpana nui ʻehā o nā semiconductor he mau puʻupuʻu hoʻomanaʻo, microprocessors, chips maʻamau, a me nā ʻōnaehana paʻakikī ma kahi chip (SoC).E like me ke ʻano o ke kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā chips i ʻekolu mau ʻano: nā chips digital, nā chips analog, a me nā chips hybrid.
Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona hana, mālama nā ʻāpana hoʻomanaʻo semiconductor i nā ʻikepili a me nā papahana ma nā kamepiula a me nā mea mālama.
Hāʻawi nā chips random access memory (RAM) i kahi manawa hana, ʻoiai nā chip memory flash e mālama mau i ka ʻike (koe ke holoi ʻia).ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā chips Read Only Memory (ROM) a me Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM).I ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻāpana hoʻomanaʻo heluhelu wale nō (EPROM) hiki ke holoi ʻia me ka uila.
Aia i loko o ka microprocessor hoʻokahi a ʻoi aʻe paha nā ʻāpana hana kikowaena (CPU).Hiki i nā kikowaena lolouila, nā kamepiula pilikino (PC), nā papa a me nā smartphones he nui nā kaʻina hana.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā microprocessors 32-bit a me 64-bit i nā PC a me nā kikowaena o kēia lā ma ka x86, POWER, a me SPARC chip architecture i kūkulu ʻia i nā makahiki i hala.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana mau nā polokalamu kelepona e like me nā smartphones i ka hoʻolālā chip ARM.Hoʻohana ʻia nā microprocessors 8-bit, 16-bit, a me 24-bit ikaika loa (i kapa ʻia nā microcontrollers) i nā huahana e like me nā mea pāʻani a me nā kaʻa.
ʻO ka ʻenehana, kahi ʻāpana hana kiʻi kiʻi (GPU) he microprocessor hiki ke hāʻawi i nā kiʻi no ka hōʻike ʻana ma nā mea uila.Hoʻokomo ʻia i ka mākeke maʻamau i ka makahiki 1999, ʻike ʻia nā GPU no ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i manaʻo ʻia e nā mea kūʻai mai nā wikiō hou a me nā pāʻani.
Ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka GPU i ka hopena o nā makahiki 1990, ua hana ʻia nā kiʻi kiʻi e ke kikowaena hoʻoponopono waena (CPU).Ke hoʻohana pū ʻia me ka CPU, hiki i ka GPU ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana kamepiula ma ka hoʻoiho ʻana i kekahi mau hana koʻikoʻi waiwai, e like me ka hoʻolilo ʻana, mai ka CPU.Hoʻonui kēia i ka hana noi no ka mea hiki i ka GPU ke hana i nā helu he nui i ka manawa like.Hāʻawi kēia hoʻololi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā polokalamu ʻoi aku ka holomua a me ka waiwai-nui a me nā hana e like me ka mining cryptocurrency.
ʻO Industrial Integrated Circuits (CICs) he microcircuits maʻalahi i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā kaʻina hana hou.Hana ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana i ka leo kiʻekiʻe a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā mea hana hoʻokahi e like me ka barcode scanners.Hōʻike ʻia ka mākeke no nā commodity integrated circuit e nā palena haʻahaʻa a ua hoʻomalu ʻia e nā mea hana semiconductor Asia nui.Inā hana ʻia kahi IC no kahi kumu kikoʻī, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he ASIC a i ʻole Application Specific Integrated Circuit.No ka laʻana, hana ʻia ka mining bitcoin i kēia lā me ke kōkua o kahi ASIC, kahi hana hoʻokahi wale nō: mining.ʻO Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) kekahi IC maʻamau i hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i nā kikoʻī o ka mea hana.
ʻO SoC (system on a chip) kekahi o nā ʻano chips hou loa a kaulana loa i nā mea hana hou.I loko o kahi SoC, ua kūkulu ʻia nā ʻāpana uila āpau e pono ai no ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa i hoʻokahi pahu.ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā SoC ma mua o ka microcontroller chips, ka mea maʻamau e hui pū i kahi CPU me RAM, ROM, a me ka hoʻokomo / puka (I/O).I nā smartphones, hiki i nā SoC ke hoʻohui pū i nā kiʻi, nā kāmela, a me ka hoʻoili leo a me ka wikiō.ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi chip control a me kahi chip radio e hana i kahi hopena ʻekolu-chip.
Ke hoʻohana nei i kahi ala ʻokoʻa i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā chips, hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā mea hana kamepiula hou i nā kaapuni kikohoʻe.Hoʻohui pinepine kēia mau kaapuni i nā transistors a me nā puka logic.I kekahi manawa hoʻohui ʻia kahi microcontroller.Hoʻohana nā kaapuni kikohoʻe i nā hōʻailona discrete kikohoʻe, maʻamau ma ke kaapuni binary.Hāʻawi ʻia ʻelua mau volta ʻokoʻa, e hōʻike ana kēlā me kēia i kahi waiwai loiloi ʻokoʻa.
Ua hoʻololi nui ʻia nā ʻāpana analog (akā ʻaʻole holoʻokoʻa) e nā ʻāpana kikohoʻe.ʻO nā pahu mana he mau ʻāpana analog.Pono nā hōʻailona Wideband i nā IC analog a hoʻohana mau ʻia e like me nā mea ʻike.I nā kaapuni analog, ke hoʻololi mau nei ka volta a me ke au i kekahi mau wahi o ke kaapuni.
Hoʻokomo pinepine nā IC Analog i nā transistors a me nā ʻāpana passive e like me nā inductors, capacitors, a me nā mea pale.ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā IC Analog i ka walaʻau a i ʻole nā hoʻololi uila liʻiliʻi, hiki ke alakaʻi i nā hewa.
ʻO nā Semiconductors no nā kaapuni hybrid he mau IC kikohoʻe me nā ʻenehana hoʻohui e hana pū me nā kaapuni analog a me nā kikohoʻe.Hiki i nā Microcontrollers ke hoʻokomo i kahi mea hoʻololi analog-to-digital (ADC) e hoʻopili me nā microcircuits analog e like me nā mea ʻike wela.
ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, hiki i kahi mea hoʻololi digital-to-analog (DAC) ke hiki i ka microcontroller ke hoʻohua i nā volta analog e hoʻouna i ka leo ma o kahi mea analog.
He waiwai a ikaika ka ʻoihana semiconductor, e hana hou ana i nā ʻāpana he nui o ka mākeke computing a me ka uila.ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o nā hui semiconductor e hana ai e like me CPU, GPU, ASIC hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hana i nā hoʻoholo hoʻoholo hoʻopukapuka ma waena o nā hui ʻoihana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-29-2023